Sphingomyelin is synthesized at the plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes and by purified myelin membranes: a study with fluorescent‐ and radio‐labelled ceramide analogues

Vos, Jan P.; Giudici, M. L.; Bijl, P. van der; Magni, P.A.; Marchesini, Sergio; Golde, L.M.G. Van; Lopes‐Cardozo, M.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00695-6

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The SM resynthesis was studied essentially according to [26] with modifications. Briefly, labeled phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was prepared by sonication of the required amount of dried l ‐3‐phosphatidyl[ N ‐methyl‐ 3 H]choline‐1,2‐dipalmitoyl in 0.5% of Triton X‐100.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet‐activating factor modulates brain sphingomyelin metabolism

Latorre

Aragonés

Fernández

et al. 1999

European Journal of Biochemistry

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In the present study the modulatory action of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on sphingolipid metabolism in cerebral cortical slices was studied. PAF did not alter the basal levels of either sphingomyelin (SM) or ceramide. However, the SMase-elicited reciprocal alterations in SM and ceramide levels were partially prevented by the PAF treatment. The PAF effect was dose-dependent, with 10 28 m being the lowest effective concentration, and receptor-mediated as it was abolished by WEB 2086, a PAF receptor antagonist. Neither N-oleoylethanolamine (OE, ceramidase inhibitor) or d,l-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase and the formation of 1-O-acyl ceramides) prevented the action of PAF. Therefore, the effect of PAF was unlikely to be dependent upon transformation of ceramides into glycosphingolipids, 1-O-acyl ceramides or sphingosine. Experiments with different labeled compounds ([ 14 C]serine, [ 14 C]arachidonate and phosphatidyl [N-methyl-3 H]choline) were also performed to test whether PAF could affect the resynthesis of SM. Data obtained agree with the idea that selective pools of both choline and ethanolamine phospholipids were used as precursors for the resynthesis of SM elicited by SMase treatment. PAF itself did not evoke any variation in the lipids analyzed but always prevented the SMase-evoked alterations. Together the data suggest the interesting possibility that PAF increases the overall turnover of SM. In summary, the present data demonstrate that PAF is able to regulate the cellular ceramide levels in brain by accelerating the SM cycle.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet‐activating factor modulates brain sphingomyelin metabolism

Latorre

Aragonés

Fernández

et al. 1999

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…In the Golgi lumen, sphingomyelin (Figure 1) is synthesized by sphingomyelin synthase (SMS)1 and then transported to the cell membrane (Figure 2) [238][239][240]. SMS1 is distinct from SMS2, which regenerates sphingomyelin from ceramide in the cell membrane [241,242].…”

Section: Sphingolipid Metabolism In the Golgi: Ceramide Transport And Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramide signaling in cancer and stem cells

Bieberich

2008

Future Lipidology

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Most of the previous work on the sphingolipid ceramide has been devoted to its function as an apoptosis inducer. Recent studies, however, have shown that in stem cells, ceramide has additional nonapoptotic functions. In this article, ceramide signaling will be reviewed in light of 'systems interface biology': as an interconnection of sphingolipid metabolism, membrane biophysics and cell signaling. The focus will be on the metabolic interconversion of ceramide and sphingomyelin or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Lipid rafts and sphingolipid-induced protein scaffolds will be discussed as a membrane interface for lipid-controlled cell signaling. Ceramide/sphingomyelin and ceramide/ sphingosine-1-phosphate-interdependent cell-signaling pathways are significant for the regulation of cell polarity, apoptosis and/or proliferation, and as novel pharmacologic targets in cancer and stem cells. Keywordsapoptosis; cancer; cell polarity; ceramide; ES cells; lipid rafts; sphingomyelin; sphingosine-1-phosphate Ceramide & its derivatives: from metabolism to cell signalingThe structural core of ceramide is the sphingoid base sphingosine (Figure 1), a lipid that is synthesized from the amino acid serine and the activated fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA (Figure 2). Sphingosine (or sphingenine) was first isolated and characterized by the German pathologist and 'father of neurochemistry ' Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum (1829-1901 [1,2]. He coined the term sphingolipids, which is derived from 'sphingos', the genitive of Sphinx. In Greek, 'sphingo' means 'to strangle'. According to the legend, a fate of death was meant for everyone who could not solve the riddles posed by the Sphinx. Quite ironically, this is how many sphingolipid researchers may feel when faced with analyzing the function of ceramide. The riddle of ceramide, its function and how it acts as signaling lipid, is far from being solved. To ease our fears when confronted with the Sphinx in sphingolipid biochemistry, a related Greek word, 'sphingein', meaning 'to bind tight', alludes to the possibility of solving the enigma of ceramide by identifying its binding proteins.In addition to ceramide, more than a hundred different sphingolipids are known. The most comprehensive collection of sphingolipids, with respect to their characteristics and structures, can be found at [401], a Webpage supported by the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences [3,4]. Sphingolipids are essential components of cellular membranes and have been (Figure 3) . Among these, their roles as pro-or anti-apoptotic and pro-or anti-proliferative signaling lipids are the most important. Most recently, our group has found that establishment of cell polarity during embryonic development is another biological process regulated by sphingolipids [28]. To define a profile of functions for individual sphingolipids is difficult because of their rapid metabolic interconversion. To add to this predicament, several derivatives of ceramide have functions similar to ceramide itself. Hence, novel techniques are need...

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“…62 This unique property of oligodendrocytes is probably due to their capacity to synthesize large amounts of myelinating membranes. 62 This unique property of oligodendrocytes is probably due to their capacity to synthesize large amounts of myelinating membranes.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Sphingomyelin In the Golgimentioning

confidence: 99%