Spherical nucleic acids-based nanoplatforms for tumor precision medicine and immunotherapy

Spherical nucleic acids: emerging amplifiers for therapeutic nanoplatforms

“…Owing to their unique threedimensional structure and highly programmable assembly, SNAs exhibit a range of distinctive physicochemical properties, including reduced degradation risk in the presence of nucleases, efficient transfection of various tissues and cells, and good immunogenicity. [18][19][20][21] As an innovative nucleic acid delivery system, SNAs possess immense potential as universal transportation nanoplatforms for nucleic acids, drugs, and proteins, with enhanced clinical translation prospects in biomedical applications; therefore, there have been many reviews with a focus on this hot subject of research. For example, Jiang et al presented thorough elucidation of the selection process concerning the core and densely organized DNA shells within SNAs, and further introduced the applications of SNAs in disease diagnosis and treatment, encompassing in vitro biosensing, intracellular assessment, gene regulation, drug delivery, and immune modulation.…”

“…Very recently, our group delineated significant advances in SNAbased precision therapy and immunotherapy for tumors with a focus on the therapeutic insights derived from gene-level precision fluorescence imaging and the utilization of SNAs for meticulous adjuvant and antigen control to achieve optimal immunomodulation. 19,20,22,23 Despite many reviews on SNAs, there is a lack of reviews, to our knowledge, summarizing the amplification effect of SNAs, particularly in the context of clinical translations, which is considered to be the most important and noteworthy part of gene therapy amplification.…”

DNA Anchoring Strength Directly Correlates with Spherical Nucleic Acid–Based HPV E7 Cancer Vaccine Potency

“…Spherical nucleic acid (SNA) constructs are a therapeutic platform − that have been used as vaccines to upregulate the activity of clinically relevant antigens through structural control of the vaccine’s components. , SNAs are comprised of a nanoparticle core with radially oriented DNA on the surface which confers advantageous biological properties to both the DNA and the nanoparticle . SNAs comprised of a liposome core with TLR-9 agonist CpG-motif DNA and peptide antigens readily internalize into antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), leading to effective T cell priming. , These immune activities are highly dependent on the structural features of SNAs including antigen location, , antigen attachment chemistry, , and nanoparticle stability. , Specifically, the stability of liposomal SNAs plays a crucial role in improving vaccine function, with recent efforts focused on modifying the composition of the lipid bilayer and the lipophilic anchor that tethers the oligonucleotide to the liposome.…”