Spherical embedded antenna for conformal applications

Comparative study of antenna embedded in singly and doubly curved dielectric surfaces

“…This paper is an extension of [13] and [14] to study the comparative results and obtain some design guidelines for the design of conformal embedded antenna applications. The study is restricted to the dielectric structures only.…”

“…The study is restricted to the dielectric structures only. In this paper, the antenna mentioned in [13] and [14] is used for comparative study for embedding in singly and doubly curved surfaces to obtain broadband performance. The antenna has 34 % (7.78 -10.98 GHz) bandwidth with coaxial probe feed.…”

“…Patch antennas on spherical surface [7]- [10] have been discussed to study the effect of curvature on antenna performance. Planar antennas on cylindrical/spherical surfaces [11]- [14] are studied by embedding the antenna in these surfaces.…”

Design and implementation of I‐slot conformal circular patch antenna on sphere structure

“…16 Some parametric studies in the literature also showed that the whole metallic structure as a ground layer helps to get higher gain values. 17 The most spherical patch antenna models proposed in the literature is fed by the coaxial cable from the inside of the sphere, but it is also possible to feed the patch on the spherical structure with the inset-fed method. 18 The analysis of arbitrary shapes is also performed in the literature rather than being limited with classical shape of patches.…”

“…21 In order to analyse the conformal patch antennas on spherical surfaces, there are several analytical and numerical methods proposed in the literature. These methods can be summarized as follows: Method of moments (MoM), 9 Legendre series and Green functions, 10 Bessel and Hankel functions, 11 least mean squares, 12 transmission line model, 13 cavity model, 14 finite element method, 15 spherical harmonics functions, 16 Finite-difference time-domain method 17,18 , a hybrid technique that consists of MoM and finitedifference frequency-domain (FDFD) technique, 19 another hybrid technique including FDFD technique and a spectral domain approach 20 and MoM with Galerkin's approach. 21 However, most of them are theoretical or simulation-based studies.…”