Sphenopalatine foramen: endoscopic approach with bony landmarks

Abstract

Determination of reliable bony landmarks is clinically useful in endoscopic surgery and can aid identification of the sphenopalatine foramen. The inferior turbinate concha and posterior fontanelle may be used as reliable computed tomography landmarks for endoscopic approaches to the sphenopalatine foramen.

A Morphometric Study of the Sphenopalatine Foramen and its Clinical Implication in Transnasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block

“…The dimensions of the SPF (3.79-6.44 mm) were smaller than those reported in the literature (4.62-6.8 and 7.5-9.35 mm) 16,17 . Also, the vertical distance between the SPF and palatum durum (or nasal floor) was reported as 15.58 mm that is less than those reported in the literature ranging from 18.27 to 26.6 mm 8,18 .…”

Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation for acute idiopathic epistaxis. Do anatomical variation and a limited evidence base raise questions regarding its place in management?

“…From these, we selected and have made reference in the text to the following article types: systematic reviews, n = 3; 8 , 15 , 16 narrative reviews or algorithms, n = 8; 11 , 17 – 23 randomised controlled trials, n = 3; 24 – 26 non-randomised controlled studies, n = 4; 1 , 27 – 29 case series or cohort studies, n = 9; 30 – 38 surveys and audits, n = 5; 9 , 10 , 14 , 39 , 40 cost-effectiveness studies, n = 5; 12 , 13 , 41 – 43 anatomy studies, n = 6; 44 – 49 case reports, n = 5; 50 – 54 and historical articles, n = 6 2 7 …”

“…The sphenopalatine artery exited as expected from the foramen in only 3 of 19 specimens (16 per cent), whereas it exited either much more posteriorly or from a distinct foramen directly posterior to the normal one in 8 specimens (42 per cent) 48 . A recent prospective analysis of 102 computed tomography scans of the paranasal sinuses suggested that the inferior turbinate concha and the posterior fontanelle are reliable landmarks for the sphenopalatine foramen 49 …”

Clinical Anatomy of Blockade of the Pterygopalatine Ganglion: Literature Review and Pictorial Tour Using Cadaveric Images

“…The PPG is the largest peripheral parasympathetic ganglia and is triangular in shape [14,15]. It is located deep within the PPF and lies lateral to the SPF and below and slightly medial to the foramen rotundum and the maxillary nerve [15] (Figs.…”