Sphagnum farming in a eutrophic world: The importance of optimal nutrient stoichiometry

Temmink, Ralph J. M.; Fritz, Christian; Dijk, Gijs van; Hensgens, Geert; Lamers, Leon P. M.; Krebs, Matthias; Gaudig, Greta

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.10.069

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…. In our study (as in Temmink et al with N concentrations >18 mg·g −1 DM), a toxic effect (growth reduction) of a high N tissue concentration >20 mg·g −1 DM was observed only in S. papillosum . Chiwa et al () found that an S. capillifolium lawn can filter wet N deposition of up to 32 kg N·ha −1 ·year −1 for least a decade, leading to N concentrations in the capitula of around 14 mg·g −1 DM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The addition of P may then substantially increase Sphagnum biomass production (Limpens et al ; Fritz et al ), but this effect disappears with insufficient water availability (Aerts et al ; Limpens et al ; Fritz et al ). High Sphagnum biomass production was indeed observed in a Sphagnum farming field experiment in NW Germany under high N loads, balanced supply of P and K in irrigation water, and year‐round water tables just below the moss surface (Temmink et al ). However, the water table varied up to 20 cm over time and around 10 cm in space because of differences in micro‐relief (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Sphagnumgrowth under N saturation: interactive effects of water level and P or K fertilization

Gaudig

Krebs

2020

Plant Biol J

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Sphagnum biomass is a promising material that could be used as a substitute for peat in growing media and can be sustainably produced by converting existing drainagebased peatland agriculture into wet, climate-friendly agriculture (paludiculture). Our study focuses on yield maximization of Sphagnum as a crop.• We tested the effects of three water level regimes and of phosphorus or potassium fertilization on the growth of four Sphagnum species (S. papillosum, S. palustre, S. fimbriatum, S. fallax). To simulate field conditions in Central and Western Europe we carried out a glasshouse experiment under nitrogen-saturated conditions.• A constant high water table (remaining at 2 cm below capitulum during growth) ledto highest productivity for all tested species. Water table fluctuations between 2 and 9 cm below capitulum during growth and a water level 2 cm below capitulum at the start but falling relatively during plant growth led to significantly lower productivity. Fertilization had no effect on Sphagnum growth under conditions with high atmospheric deposition such as in NW Germany (38 kg N, 0.3 kg P, 7.6 kg KÁha À1 Áyear À1 ).• Large-scale maximization of Sphagnum yields requires precise water management, with water tables just below the capitula and rising with Sphagnum growth. The nutrient load in large areas of Central and Western Europe from atmospheric deposition and irrigation water is high but, with an optimal water supply, does not hamper Sphagnum growth, at least not of regional provenances of Sphagnum.Plant Biology 22 (2020) 394-403

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Sphagnumgrowth under N saturation: interactive effects of water level and P or K fertilization

Gaudig

Krebs

2020

Plant Biol J

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“…Our results are also consistent with data of Bedford et al () showing that the N/P ratio in wetland plants is lower than in peat. Still, Temmink et al () recorded N/P and N/K ratios in Sphagnum that are half of those measured in the current study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Relationships between bryophyte production and substrate properties in restored milled peatlands

Purre

Ilomets

2017

Restoration Ecology

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The relationship between the small‐scale distribution pattern of bryophyte biomass on restored milled peatlands and substrate properties (e.g. moisture, pH, nutrients, and their ratios) was studied. Substrate properties may determine the species composition of bryophyte communities that have developed in such areas. Two experimental sites were established in northern Estonia where the moss‐layer‐transfer technique had been used for the revegetation of abandoned peatfields for almost a decade before sampling. Diaspores of Sphagnum species common on bogs were distributed in these sites. After 7 years one site was mainly dominated by Sphagnum whereas true mosses (Polytrichum strictum, Aulacomnium palustre, and Pleurozium schreberi) were abundant in the other site. Three moss groups were distinguished: Sphagnum, P. strictum, and other mosses based on cluster analysis. The biomass of Sphagnum was related to peat moisture and potassium content. For P. strictum the N/K ratio was important, and the production of A. palustre grew with the increase in the N/P ratio of peat. It was concluded that peat properties played an important role in the formation and development of bryophyte communities on revegetated peatfields on a small scale (<0.1 ha).

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“…However, another possibility is production of forages on wet soil. Furthermore, sphagnum mosses can grow on very wet soil, an option which was investigated by (Temmink et al., ), who highlighted problems related to growing sphagnum on fertile peat and its sensitivity to nutrient balances. Such options require further investigation into their overall GHG emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use of drained peatlands: Greenhouse gas fluxes, plant production, and economics

Kasimir

Coria

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Drained peatlands are hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which could be mitigated by rewetting and land use change. We performed an ecological/economic analysis of rewetting drained fertile peatlands in a hemiboreal climate using different land use strategies over 80 years. Vegetation, soil processes, and total GHG emissions were modeled using the CoupModel for four scenarios: (1) business as usual-Norway spruce with average soil water table of -40 cm; (2) willow with groundwater at -20 cm; (3) reed canary grass with groundwater at -10 cm; and (4) a fully rewetted peatland. The predictions were based on previous model calibrations with several high-resolution datasets consisting of water, heat, carbon, and nitrogen cycling. Spruce growth was calibrated by tree-ring data that extended the time period covered. The GHG balance of four scenarios, including vegetation and soil, were 4.7, 7.1, 9.1, and 6.2 Mg CO eq ha year , respectively. The total soil emissions (including litter and peat respiration CO + N O + CH ) were 33.1, 19.3, 15.3, and 11.0 Mg CO eq ha year , respectively, of which the peat loss contributed 35%, 24%, and 7% of the soil emissions for the three drained scenarios, respectively. No peat was lost for the wet peatland. It was also found that draining increases vegetation growth, but not as drastically as peat respiration does. The cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is sensitive to time frame, discount rate, and carbon price. Our results indicate that the net benefit was greater with a somewhat higher soil water table and when the peatland was vegetated with willow and reed canary grass (Scenarios 2 and 3). We conclude that saving peat and avoiding methane release using fairly wet conditions can significantly reduce GHG emissions, and that this strategy should be considered for land use planning and policy-making.

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Sphagnum farming in a eutrophic world: The importance of optimal nutrient stoichiometry

Cited by 33 publications

References 59 publications

Sphagnumgrowth under N saturation: interactive effects of water level and P or K fertilization

Sphagnumgrowth under N saturation: interactive effects of water level and P or K fertilization

Relationships between bryophyte production and substrate properties in restored milled peatlands

Land use of drained peatlands: Greenhouse gas fluxes, plant production, and economics

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