Abstract:DNA replication, transcription, and translation in eukaryotic cells occur with decreasing but still high fidelity. In contrast, for the estimated 33% of the human proteome that is inserted as transmembrane (TM) proteins, insertion with a non-functional inverted topology is frequent. Correct topology is essential for function and trafficking to appropriate cellular compartments and is controlled principally by responses to charged residues within 15 residues of the inserted TM domain (TMD); the flank with the h… Show more
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