Spexin: A novel regulator of adipogenesis and fat tissue metabolism

Kołodziejski, Paweł; Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek, Ewa; Micker, Maciej; Skrzypski, Marek; Wojciechowicz, Tatiana; Szwarckopf, Patryk; Skieresz‐Szewczyk, Kinga; Nowak, Krzysztof W.; Strowski, Mathias Z.

doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.001

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Spexin was coevolved with the galanin/kisspeptin family, and it was confirmed that spexin could activate GALR2/3 receptors [ 4 ]. GALR2 antagonist M871 and GALR3 antagonist SNAP37889 had been used to the role of spexin in gastrointestinal motility [ 11 ], inflammatory pain [ 16 ], bile acid synthesis [ 8 ], lipolysis [ 24 ], and in vivo or in vitro studies. Our result demonstrated that SNAP37889 ( p < 0.05), not M871 ( p =0.430), significantly antagonized the inhibitory effect of spexin on food intake, suggesting that GALR3, not GALR2, was involved in the anorectic effect of spexin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2020

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Spexin (SPX, NPQ), a novel endogenous neuropeptide, was firstly identified by bioinformatics. Spexin gene and protein widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, such as the hypothalamus and digestive tract. The role of spexin in appetite regulation in mammalian is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism and effect of peripheral spexin on food intake in mice. During the light period, an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of spexin (10 nmol/mouse) significantly inhibited cumulative food intake at 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment in fasted mice. During the dark period, spexin (1 and 10 nmol/mouse, i.p.) significantly suppressed cumulative food intake at 4 and 6 h after treatment in freely feeding mice. The GALR3 antagonist SNAP37889, not GALR2 antagonist, significantly antagonized the inhibitory effect on cumulative food intake (0–6 h) induced by spexin. Spexin significantly reduced the mRNA level of Npy mRNA, not Agrp, Pomc, Cart, Crh, Orexin, or Mch, in the hypothalamus. Spexin (10 nmol/mouse, i.p.) increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in hypothalamic AHA and SCN, but not in ARC, DMN, LHA, PVN, SON, or VMH. The hypothalamic p-CaMK2 protein expression was upregulated by spexin. This study indicated that acute peripheral injection of spexin inhibited mouse food intake. The anorectic effect may be mediated by GALR3, and inhibiting neuropeptide Y (NPY) via p-CaMK2 and c-Fos in the hypothalamus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2020

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Serum spexin concentrations were positively correlated with Lp(a) in the total study sample indicating that spexin may play a role in lipid metabolism. Recent data [23] advocate a novel role of spexin in lipid metabolism of human adipocytes by stimulating lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis. Gu et al [12] in a study of adults with T2DM, found negative correlations for circulating spexin with blood lipids (LDL, TG).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Spexin is Correlated with Lipoprotein(a) and Androgens in Female Adolescents

Bacopoulou

Apostolaki

Mantzou

et al. 2019

JCM

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The Spexin gene is considered the most dysregulated in obese human fat. Limited data suggest that the novel peptide spexin may potentially impact food intake, weight regulation and body adiposity. The aim of this case-control study was to compare fasting serum spexin concentrations between normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OB/OW) adolescent females and explore the relationship between circulating spexin and anthropometric, bone and fat mass, metabolic and hormonal parameters. Eighty post-menarcheal females (mean age ± SD 16.23 ± 2.26 years); 55 NW (mean BMI ± SD 19.72 ± 2.52 kg/m2) and 25 OB/OW (mean BMI ± SD 29.35 ± 3.89 kg/m2) participated in the study. Circulating spexin levels did not differ significantly (p = 0.378) between NW (median (interquartile range), 0.26 (0.17) ng/mL) and OB/OW (median (interquartile range), 0.28 (0.06) ng/mL) adolescents and did not correlate with BMI (rs = −0.090, p = 0.438), % body fat (rs = −0.173, p = 0.409), glucose or insulin resistance indices derived from fasting and oral glucose tolerance states. In the total study sample, spexin concentrations correlated positively with lipoprotein(a) (rs = 0.402, p = 0.046). In the OB/OW adolescents spexin levels correlated positively with testosterone (rs = 0.727, p = 0.011) and free androgen index (rs = 0.755, p = 0.007). In the NW adolescents, spexin concentrations correlated negatively with dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (rs = −0.445, p = 0.038). Results may suggest potential involvement of spexin in the regulation of lipoprotein(a) and of the reproductive/adrenal axis in post-menarcheal adolescent females.

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“…Human study shows that the serum spexin was negatively correlated with age, BMI, fasting glucose, and TG in healthy adult women, suggesting that spexin could independently predict the risk of high BMI and high fasting glucose (Lin et al., 2018a). In human adipocytes and murine 3 T3-L1 cells, spexin exhibited a stimulatory effect on lipolysis and an inhibitory effect on lipogenesis and glucose uptake (Kolodziejski et al., 2018). Clinical study shows that the serum spexin had a modest association with components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) only in women (Al-Daghri et al., 2018b).…”

Section: Feeding and Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles of NPQ/Spexin in Physiology and Pathology

Lv¹,

Zhou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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Spexin (SPX), also called neuropeptide Q (NPQ), is a novel endogenous neuropeptide. Spexin gene and protein are widely expressed in central nervous system and peripheral tissues in humans, rodents, goldfish, etc. A few of physiological and pathological roles of spexin are gradually emerged recently. This article summarized the roles of spexin in feeding behavior, gastrointestinal motility, obesity, diabetes, energy metabolism, endocrine, mental diseases, and cardiovascular function. Given the broad roles of spexin, this neuropeptide has attracted much interest from investigators and will be as a promising future target for novel therapeutic research and drug design.

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Spexin: A novel regulator of adipogenesis and fat tissue metabolism

Cited by 63 publications

References 43 publications

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Serum Spexin is Correlated with Lipoprotein(a) and Androgens in Female Adolescents

Emerging Roles of NPQ/Spexin in Physiology and Pathology

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