Spermiotoxicity of commercial condoms made from polyurethane, polyisoprene and latex, using domestic ruminants as an experimental animal model

Pradieé, J.; O’Brien, E.; Mc, Esteso; Castaño, C.; Toledano-Dı́az, A.; Santiago-Moreno, J.

doi:10.1111/and.12471

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The patients should be provided with clear and unmistakable written and verbal instructions on how to produce a semen sample for analysis that has a minimum risk of contamination with skin commensals. Primarily, the WHO recommends not to use coitus interruptus and condoms because this may lead to incomplete collection and contamination with vaginal fluids, which increases the risk of contamination with bacteria colonizing the penile skin, and agents in the condom may have spermicidal effects [284,285]. Before masturbation, the patient should pass urine, wash his hands and penis thoroughly with soap, rinse the soap properly, dry hands and penis with a clean, preferably disposable towel, and then ejaculate into a sterile wide-mouthed dry plastic container.…”

Section: Prevention Of Semen Sample Contamination With Skin Commensal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocytospermia and/or Bacteriospermia: Impact on Male Infertility

Henkel

2024

JCM

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Infertility is a globally underestimated public health concern affecting almost 190 million people, i.e., about 17.5% of people during their lifetime, while the prevalence of male factor infertility is about 7%. Among numerous other causes, the prevalence of male genital tract infections reportedly ranges between 10% and 35%. Leukocytospermia is found in 30% of infertile men and up to 20% in fertile men. Bacterial infections cause an inflammatory response attracting leukocytes, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release cytokines, both of which can cause damage to sperm, rendering them dysfunctional. Although leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia are both clinical conditions that can negatively affect male fertility, there is still debate about their impact on assisted reproduction outcomes and management. According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, leukocytes should be determined by means of the Endtz test or with monoclonal antibodies against CD15, CD68 or CD22. The cut-off value proposed by the WHO is 1 × 106 peroxidase-positive cells/mL. For bacteria, Gram staining and semen culture are regarded as the “gold standard”, while modern techniques such as PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are allowing clinicians to detect a wider range of pathogens. Whereas the WHO manual does not specify a specific value as a cut-off for bacterial contamination, several studies consider semen samples with more than 103 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL as bacteriospermic. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to sperm dysfunction include direct interaction of bacteria with the male germ cells, bacterial release of spermatotoxic substances, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS, all of which lead to oxidative stress. Clinically, bacterial infections, including “silent” infections, are treatable, with antibiotics being the treatment of choice. Yet, non-steroidal antiphlogistics or antioxidants should also be considered to alleviate inflammatory lesions and improve semen quality. In an assisted reproduction set up, sperm separation techniques significantly reduce the bacterial load in the semen. Nonetheless, contamination of the semen sample with skin commensals should be prevented by applying relevant hygiene techniques. In patients where leukocytospermia is detected, the causes (e.g. infection, inflammation, varicocele, smoking, etc.) of the leukocyte infiltration have to be identified and addressed with antibiotics, anti-inflammatories or antioxidants in cases where high oxidative stress levels are detected. However, no specific strategy is available for the management of leukocytospermia. Therefore, the relationship between bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia as well as their specific impact on functional sperm parameters and reproductive outcome variables such as fertilization or clinical pregnancy must be further investigated. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the current knowledge on leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia and their impact on male fertility.

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Section: Prevention Of Semen Sample Contamination With Skin Commensal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocytospermia and/or Bacteriospermia: Impact on Male Infertility

Henkel

2024

JCM

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“…Pathology laboratory staff may not have protocols for handling a condom device containing semen; however, semen may be decanted by the patient from the MFP into a conventional prewarmed specimen jar. Collection via contraceptive condoms (with or without spermicide) is unacceptable due to poor sperm survival, while nonspermicidal sheath collection devices have demonstrated superior sperm survival and more accurate seminal volume measurements than other collection devices (Schoenfeld et al 1978, Pradiee et al 2016). The World Health Organization (2010) recommends such a preferred collection method.…”

Section: Male Fertility Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethical and Moral Perspectives in Human Reproductive Medicine

Turner

McLindon

2018

Linacre Q

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A reductive reading of Humanae vitae seeks to limit its appeal to a ban on contraception. In truth, however, it offers a vision of human sexuality and conjugal love with broad and enduring relevance. In setting forth the intrinsic complementarity and irreducibility of the unitive and procreative dimensions of the conjugal act, Paul VI has given us a hermeneutical key for assessing many contemporary ethical dilemmas in human reproductive medicine. From this perspective, this article seeks to apply the logic of Humanae vitae to several real-life scenarios confronted by medical practitioners, educators, and ethicists working in the field of fertility and reproductive health. These include a consideration of the ethics of prescribing hormonal contraceptives, the possibilities of investigating male infertility, issues of cooperation in counseling and assisting conception in samesex relationships, the ethics pertaining to assisted reproductive technology (ART), the contested case of prenatal adoption, and the application of double-effect reasoning. Summary: On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the promulgation of Pope Paul VI's encyclical Humanae vitae, this article seeks to defend its enduring relevance to modern-day society, through application of its reasoning to contemporary dilemmas in reproductive medicine. It considers real cases of the ethics of prescribing hormonal contraceptives, of investigating male infertility, of cooperating in counseling and assisting conception in same-sex relationships, of ART, of prenatal adoption, and the application of double-effect reasoning.

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