Sperm DNA damage and seminal oxidative status after shock-wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral stones

The impact of low‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy on testicular function in adult rats

“…Deng et al (1993) observed abnormalities in the testis tissue of Wistar rats after exposure to ESWT (1000 sw, 19 kV), such as angiectasis, congestion, focal hemorrhage, and mitochondrial swelling and rough endoplasmic reticulum degranulation in spermatocytes, but no obvious difference in pregnancy rates or fetal number and weight was observed. Gulum et al (2011) found that ESWT (2500 sw, 18 kV) for distal ureteral stones caused increases in DNA damage scores and oxidative stress in semen parameters and suggested that young male patients who have borderline sperm parameters undergo alternative techniques instead of ESWT. In a clinical study, Andreessen et al (1996) investigated the sperm quality of 10 patients who underwent ESWT (3000 sw, 25 kV) for treatment of lower ureteric stones and found an obvious decline in sperm number and sperm motility 3 days after ESWT.…”

“…Bedir et al (2004) studied 30 patients and concluded that ESWT (3000 sw, 19 kV) could permanently reduce semen concentration and motility. Gulum et al (2011) found that ESWT (2500 sw, 18 kV) for distal ureteral stones caused increases in DNA damage scores and oxidative stress in semen parameters and suggested that young male patients who have borderline sperm parameters undergo alternative techniques instead of ESWT. Li-ESWT has been used to treat many diseases, including limb ischemia, musculoskeletal disorders, myocardial infarction, and ED (Aicher et al, 2006;Vardi et al, 2010;Becker et al, 2014;Hazan-Molina et al, 2015).…”

Association of MDR1 C3435T and C1236T single nucleotide polymorphisms with male factor infertility

“…At least 300 sperm were counted for each sample. Each image was classified according to the intensity of the fluorescence in the comet tail and given a value of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 [from undamaged (class 0) to maximally damaged (class 4)], such that the total score of the slide would be between 0 and 400 arbitrary units (Gulum et al, 2011).…”

Total antioxidant status and oxidative stress in recurrent aphthous stomatitis

“…However, if the ROS concentration exceeds pathological values and the endogenous or exogenous antioxidants cannot compensate for these radicals, the balance changes in favor of the oxidants; consequently, molecules in the organism, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, are oxidatively damaged. Many recent studies have revealed that there is a close relationship between oxidative stress and DNA damage …”

“…Many recent studies have revealed that there is a close relationship between oxidative stress and DNA damage. [8][9][10] As an indicator of general gene damage, many methods are used to monitor DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes, including the micronucleus test, chromosomal aberration analysis, the sister chromatid exchange test, gene mutation tests, and the comet assay test. 11 Among these, the comet assay (alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis) is an easy, cheap, and sensitive test that shows single chain and double chain breaks in DNA, and it is frequently used to identify the prevalence of endogenous DNA damage.…”