Spent Pd catalyst—Component for oxide catalysts, designed for CO oxidation and NO reduction

Reactivation and Reuse of Platinum‐Based Spent Catalysts for Combustion of Exhaust Organic Gases

“…Applications of deactivated catalysts such as regeneration or reuse, disposal, reclamation of metals etc. are closely related with chemical, economical, and environmental matters [3][4][5]. For novel metal-based spent catalysts, the technology for metal reclamation is well established, and the recovery processes are highly profitable.…”

“…These factors together with fluctuation in the market prices of recovered metals and their purity significantly influence the commercial viability of processes used for metal reclamation from spent catalysts with low metal concentration. In addition, although extraction methods have been improved, there are still minimum concentrations of valuable metals (Pd, Pt < 0.1 %) in the solid residue [4], resulting in the waste of precious metals.…”

“…Reactivation and reuse of spent catalysts are preferred options for minimizing the environmental problems caused by spent catalysts [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Even though the activity and selectivity of the regenerated catalysts are not efficient enough to re-apply in the original process, they could be employed as catalysts for other processes [5][6][7][8][9].…”