Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among three spelling scoring metrics, namely, words spelled correctly (WSC), correct letter sequences (CLS), and phonological coding (PC) in Malay language. The relationship between spelling measure and word reading measure was studied. There were 866 Primary 1 (Grade 1 equivalent) students from 11 randomly selected public primary schools in Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia who participated in this study. The study showed that the scores from each scoring metr… Show more
“…This finding has been demonstrated elsewhere that spelling in Malay is more complex than reading (J. A. C. Lee et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2018). Therefore, general and special education teachers may use the percentile norms to identify students who encounter difficulties in reading and students who can read reasonably well but struggle in spelling.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 54%
“…The following measures were included in the reading assessment battery: letter name knowledge, letter name fluency, rapid automatised naming, phonological awareness, phonological memory, spelling, word reading accuracy, word reading efficiency, oral reading fluency, expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension tests (J. A. C. Lee et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2018).…”
The study aimed to develop percentile norms on early reading proficiency among young elementary school children. These percentile norms were derived from a suite of early reading assessments in Malay administered to 866 Primary One (Grade 1 equivalent) school children from multilingual and multi-ethnic backgrounds. During testing, the children (462 males and 404 females) were approximately seven years old. The early reading assessment battery included measures such as letter writing, letter name knowledge, letter name fluency, rapid automatised naming, phonological awareness comprising elision, phonological memory, spelling, word reading accuracy, word reading efficiency, oral reading fluency, reading comprehension, vocabulary comprising expressive vocabulary and receptive vocabulary, and listening comprehension. These percentile norms are useful for the early identification and intervention of young children with reading difficulties and reading disabilities from multilingual communities whose languages include Malay, a transparent orthography. The implications of using the norms data for the diagnosis and classification of children with reading difficulties are discussed.
“…This finding has been demonstrated elsewhere that spelling in Malay is more complex than reading (J. A. C. Lee et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2018). Therefore, general and special education teachers may use the percentile norms to identify students who encounter difficulties in reading and students who can read reasonably well but struggle in spelling.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 54%
“…The following measures were included in the reading assessment battery: letter name knowledge, letter name fluency, rapid automatised naming, phonological awareness, phonological memory, spelling, word reading accuracy, word reading efficiency, oral reading fluency, expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension tests (J. A. C. Lee et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2018).…”
The study aimed to develop percentile norms on early reading proficiency among young elementary school children. These percentile norms were derived from a suite of early reading assessments in Malay administered to 866 Primary One (Grade 1 equivalent) school children from multilingual and multi-ethnic backgrounds. During testing, the children (462 males and 404 females) were approximately seven years old. The early reading assessment battery included measures such as letter writing, letter name knowledge, letter name fluency, rapid automatised naming, phonological awareness comprising elision, phonological memory, spelling, word reading accuracy, word reading efficiency, oral reading fluency, reading comprehension, vocabulary comprising expressive vocabulary and receptive vocabulary, and listening comprehension. These percentile norms are useful for the early identification and intervention of young children with reading difficulties and reading disabilities from multilingual communities whose languages include Malay, a transparent orthography. The implications of using the norms data for the diagnosis and classification of children with reading difficulties are discussed.
“…A. C. Lee and Al Otaiba (2017) and Tang et al (2018). The PC system was used in the spelling error coding procedure due to its high correlation with phonological awareness abilities and high sensitivity toward learners' spelling development over time (Ritchey et al, 2010;Tang et al, 2018).…”
Section: (A) Spellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The score for each word ranges between 0 and 6. Table 1 shows the description of PC rubrics, with an example each for Malay and English words (see also Tang et al, 2018).…”
Children with reading difficulties typically experience difficulties in both reading and spelling. Little is known about the use of spelling for identifying reading difficulties across languages that possess different orthographic depths, among multilingual readers. In the current study, we investigated whether multilingual Primary 1 poor readers were also poor spellers in two different orthographies, namely Malay and English. The sample comprised 866 Primary 1 Malaysian public school students from diverse backgrounds. A cut-off point of 25th percentile and below was used to operationalise students with deficits in word reading accuracy and spelling across both languages. A majority of the students who were poor readers in Malay and English, correspondingly, were also poor spellers in both languages. Spelling and word reading accuracy were highly correlated and considered as good indicators for identifying struggling young multilingual readers. These results indicate the importance of assessing spelling in both Malay and English for identifying reading difficulties, especially among young multilingual Malaysian learners. Implications for practice and future directions are addressed.
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