Speeding up PPP ambiguity resolution using triple-frequency GPS/BeiDou/Galileo/QZSS data

Geng, Jianghui; Guo, Jiang; Meng, Xiaolin; Gao, Kefu

doi:10.1007/s00190-019-01330-1

Cited by 72 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On the contrary, Li et al (2018) implemented BeiDou-only PPP-AR using triple-frequency data and decreased the convergence time by 10% compared to that of dual-frequency ambiguity-fixed solutions. Using triplefrequency GPS/BeiDou/Galileo/QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System) data, ultimately, Geng et al (2019b) achieved PPP-AR with a mean time of about 6 minutes. However, such a few minutes of convergence time still does not fit autonomous driving demanding super high availability of accurate positions, especially in urban valleys where loss of satellite signals takes place frequently.…”

Section: Using Realmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond three frequencies: an extendable model for single-epoch decimeter-level point positioning by exploiting Galileo and BeiDou-3 signals

Geng

Guo

2020

J Geod

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GNSS is indispensable to self-driving vehicles by delivering decimeter-level or better absolute positioning solutions. Such a high precision normally requires a convergence time spanning seconds to minutes, which is however unrealistic in extremely difficult driving conditions where GNSS signals are obstructed frequently. Such convergences, no matter how short, will greatly risk and discredit autonomous driving in satisfying stringent life-safety standards. In this study, we therefore developed an extendable GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) model to exploit the advanced Galileo/BeiDou-3 more-than-three-frequency signals with the goal of achieving instant or single-epoch 10-30 cm positioning accuracy and over 99% availability for the horizontal components over wide areas. In particular, uncombined Galileo/BeiDou-3 signals on all available frequencies were injected simultaneously into PPP to perform singleepoch wide-lane ambiguity resolution (PPP-WAR) after phase bias calibrations on raw observations. Experimenting on the Galileo five-frequency data from 36 stations in Australia, we found that instant PPP-WAR was accomplished at more than 99.5% of all epochs; we achieved an instant positioning accuracy of 0.10 and 0.11 m (1s ) for the east and north components, respectively, using Galileo E1/E5a/E5/E5b/E6 signals from less than 10 satellites, while 0.16 and 0.23 m using BeiDou-3 B1C/B1I/B2a/B2b/B3I signals from only 5-6 satellites per epoch observed by 10 stations within China. Moreover, we carried out vehicle-borne experiments collecting multi-frequency Galileo/BeiDou-3 signals in case of overpass and tunnel adversities. With 7 Galileo/BeiDou-3 satellites per epoch on average, instant PPP-WAR reached a mean positioning accuracy of 0.23 and 0.24 m for the horizontal components, which

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Section: Using Realmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond three frequencies: an extendable model for single-epoch decimeter-level point positioning by exploiting Galileo and BeiDou-3 signals

Geng

Guo

2020

J Geod

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“…We reasonably consider this a natural choice for a multitude of reasons. First, the combination E1+E5a is the most commonly used dual-frequency combination in Galileo related studies, see, e.g., [8,10,12,19], while these frequencies allow for the interoperability of GPS and Galileo in mixed-system positioning due to the overlapping frequencies L1/E1 and L5/E5a [47]. Moreover, most of the MGEX analysis centres provide E1/E5a-based ionosphere-free clock products for the Galileo satellites [48].…”

Section: Frequency Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the integration of multi-frequency data increases the model's redundancy and provides a stronger positioning model, which will improve ambiguity resolution and, therefore, the user-convergence. Experimental studies have demonstrated that the addition of a third frequency (GPS L5, Galileo E5b, BeiDou B3) reduces the time-to-fix-ambiguities and convergence times using data from GPS [15], Galileo [16,17], GPS and Galileo [9], Galileo and BeiDou [18], GPS, BeiDou, Galileo and QZSS combined [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Frequency Galileo PPP-RTK Convergence Analysis with an Emphasis on the Role of Frequency Spacing

2021

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The single-receiver integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant of precise point positioning (PPP), namely PPP-RTK, has proven to be crucial in reducing the long convergence time of PPP solutions through the recovery of the integerness of the user-ambiguities. The proliferation of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) supports various improvements in this regard through the availability of more satellites and frequencies. The increased availability of the Galileo E6 signal from GNSS receivers paves the way for speeding up integer ambiguity resolution, as more frequencies provide for a stronger model. In this contribution, the Galileo-based PPP-RTK ambiguity resolution and positioning convergence capabilities are studied and numerically demonstrated as a function of the number and spacing of frequencies, aiming to shed light on which frequencies should be used to obtain optimal performance. Through a formal analysis, we provide insight into the pivotal role of frequency separation in ambiguity resolution. Using real Galileo data on up to five frequencies and our estimated PPP-RTK corrections, representative kinematic user convergence results with partial ambiguity resolution are presented and discussed. Compared to the achieved performance of dual-frequency fixed solutions, it is found that the contribution of multi-frequency observations is significant and largely driven by frequency separation. When using all five available frequencies, it is shown that the kinematic user can achieve a sub-decimeter level convergence in 15.0 min (90% percentile). In our analysis, we also show to what extent the provision of the estimable satellite code biases as standard PPP-RTK corrections accelerates convergence. Finally, we numerically demonstrate that, when integrated with GPS, the kinematic user solution achieves convergence in 3.0 and 5.0 min on average and at 90%, respectively, in the presence of ionospheric delays, thereby indicating the single-receiver user’s fast-convergence capabilities.

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“…Also Management and competencies that the introduction of the private sector to public services, and the involvement of e in risk tolerance . and Achieve better value for money in public spending: (Geng et al, 2020) Meaning the optimal price for the customer on the basis of cost over the term of the contract, the quality of service provided, and the risks borne by the participant . The total price of the public and private sector tender submitted by the partner should be less than the cost that the government would bear if it provided the same level of service, including the additional costs of risks ( cost overruns -delays ... etc ) that the government would face.…”

Section: Objectives Of Pppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Partnership with the Private Sector in Iraq

Motlag

Ghasemlounia

2021

Int. j. eng. manag. res.

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The topic of public-private partnerships has been received with great interest by governments, societies and research centers around the world. After it became clear that the process of economic and social development is based on mobilizing and gathering all the potentials of society, including the energies, resources and experiences of both the public and private sectors, to participate in the institutional organizations that deal with the establishment and operation of projects of various kinds after the institutional arrangements faced separate and independent sectoral challenges and difficulties. In achieving the goals of development levels is an ambitious goal. Therefore, developed countries seek to develop institutions, legislation and institutional systems to adopt participatory organizations in which all sectors of society contribute to directing, managing and operating projects and businesses, developing and developing them in order to serve their purposes on the basis of cooperative participation, good governance, transparent accountability and mutual benefit. The success of the partnership is not limited to ensuring legislation and regulations only, but links must be established between it and the concept of governance. Both have multiple aspects related to administrative, legal, economic and social dimensions that meet at common points based on the principles of transparency, disclosure and accountability, and equal rights of stakeholders and responsibilities in order to raise the efficiency of resource use, enhance competitiveness, attract funding sources, and expand projects to create new job opportunities and support economic stability. The topic of public-private partnerships has been received with great interest by governments, societies and research centers around the world. After it became clear that the process of economic and social development is based on mobilizing and gathering all the potentials of society, including the energies, resources and experiences of both the public and private sectors, to participate in the institutional organizations that deal with the establishment and operation of projects of various kinds after the institutional arrangements faced separate and independent sectoral challenges and difficulties. In achieving the goals of development levels is an ambitious goal. Therefore, developed countries seek to develop institutions, legislation and institutional systems to adopt participatory organizations in which all sectors of society contribute to directing, managing and operating projects and businesses, developing and developing them in order to serve their purposes on the basis of cooperative participation, good governance, transparent accountability and mutual benefit. The success of the partnership is not limited to ensuring legislation and regulations only, but links must be established between it and the concept of governance. Both have multiple aspects related to administrative, legal, economic and social dimensions that meet at common points based on the principles of transparency, disclosure and accountability, and equal rights of stakeholders and responsibilities in order to raise the efficiency of resource use, enhance competitiveness, attract funding sources, and expand projects to create new job opportunities and support economic stability. Many researchers believe that the issue of partnership is still in its early stages of developing unified principles, rules and regulations that govern and regulate the various forms of partnerships between the public and private sectors to include all economic and social sectors as major topics. The concept, principles and standards are still being sought to develop, elaborate and categorize them in order to be placed in specific rules and frameworks.

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Speeding up PPP ambiguity resolution using triple-frequency GPS/BeiDou/Galileo/QZSS data

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Beyond three frequencies: an extendable model for single-epoch decimeter-level point positioning by exploiting Galileo and BeiDou-3 signals

Beyond three frequencies: an extendable model for single-epoch decimeter-level point positioning by exploiting Galileo and BeiDou-3 signals

A Multi-Frequency Galileo PPP-RTK Convergence Analysis with an Emphasis on the Role of Frequency Spacing

Method of Partnership with the Private Sector in Iraq

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