Speed of Sound of Gaseous Xenon in the Temperature Range from 308 to 370 K Measured with a Cylindrical Resonator

Abstract

The availability of accurate speed of sound data is important for the improvement of dedicated equations of state and their applications. The speed of sound of gaseous xenon was measured using a fixed-path cylindrical acoustic resonator in the temperature range from 308 to 370 K with pressures from 0.05 to 1 MPa. The resonant frequencies of four longitudinal acoustic modes and three radial acoustic modes in the cylindrical resonator were used to determine the speed of sound. The perturbations from the viscous and the thermal boundary layers, the gas filling duct, acoustic transducers, and the shell motions were corrected in the frequency measurements. The overall uncertainty for the measured speed of sound was estimated to be less than 1.1 × 10–4. The measured speed of sound data of xenon was found to be in remarkably good agreement with the best available literature source, which were indistinguishable within ±5 × 10–5 times the speed of sound. The measurements agree with the values calculated from the equation of state with relative differences ranged between 0.004% and 0.04%. The temperature-dependent second density virial coefficient of xenon was determined from the measured speed of sound data based on the hard-core square-well intermolecular potential model. The deduced second virial coefficient is mainly consistent with the previous measurements, the predictions of an existing equation of state, and the general virial coefficient correlation.

Experimental Speed of Sound for 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (R-1243zf) in Gaseous Phase Measured with Cylindrical Resonator

“…The experimental system was rebuilt inheriting the advantages of one for the accurate measurement of the thermodynamic temperature . The accuracy of the system has also been verified in measurements of gaseous speed of sound in many other alternative working fluids. − A detailed description of the measurement principle and the experimental apparatus has been given in our previous publications. − Here, only a brief introduction is provided in the following.…”

“…The acoustic signal, detected by the other PZT transducer, was accurately measured with a lock-in amplifier (Stanford Research System SR830), which was referenced to the synchronization signal of the function generator. The resonant frequency was obtained by fitting the measured complex voltage measured by the lock-in amplifier with a Leverberg-Marquardt minimization algorithm . Standard methods and procedures for measurement of the resonant frequency of each acoustic mode were performed .…”

“…The calibration of the dimension of the cavity was performed by measurements of resonant frequencies when the cavity was filled with pure argon with a relative expanded uncertainty less than 8 × 10 –5 ( k = 2). Detailed descriptions about the calibration were provided in our previous publication . The speed of sound was determined by the measured resonant frequencies and the precalibrated effective length or radius of the cylindrical cavity according to eq .…”

“…The resonant frequency was obtained by fitting the measured complex voltage measured by the lockin amplifier with a Leverberg-Marquardt minimization algorithm. 22 Standard methods and procedures for measurement of the resonant frequency of each acoustic mode were performed. 27 The overall relative uncertainty for the measured resonant frequency was estimated to be within 1 × 10 −5 .…”

“…The acoustic resonance technique is one of the predominant methods for the measurement of the speed of sound in the gaseous phase. Our group has been devoted to measurements of the speed of sound of working fluids with the acoustic resonance method, which is a steady state method, and has published several papers of the experimental speed of sound in alternative refrigerants. − In the present work, the speed of sound in R-1243zf was measured by means of a fixed-path cylindrical resonator. Measurements were taken along nine quasi-isochoric lines in the temperature range of 313 to 363 K and pressure range of 170 to 983 kPa.…”