Speed of active movement of pelagic larvae of marine bottom invertebrates and their ability to regulate their vertical position

Mileikovsky, S. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00394107

Cited by 133 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hadley (1908) described phototactic responses of larvae of H. americanus and found that larvae changed their phototactic behaviour both within and between each stage. Mileikovsky (1973) summarized the larval swimming speed of bottom invertebrates with different methods employed. Generally, the pronounced swimming ability in larvae plays an important role to maintain position in currents (Mileijovsky 1973;Ennis 1986).…”

Section: Stocks Of European Lobsters (Homarus Gammarusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical positioning and swimming performance of lobster larvae (Homarus gammarus) in an artificial water column at Helgoland, North Sea

Schmalenbach

Búchholz

2010

Marine Biology Research

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Section: Stocks Of European Lobsters (Homarus Gammarusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical positioning and swimming performance of lobster larvae (Homarus gammarus) in an artificial water column at Helgoland, North Sea

Schmalenbach

Búchholz

2010

Marine Biology Research

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“…Small pelagic copepods can cruise at 0.5-0.9 cm s -1 (Yen et al 2008) with average escape speeds of [25 cm s -1 (Visser et al 2009), indicating they would be fully capable of swimming to the surface of a 1-3 m water column within seconds to minutes. Likewise the swimming speeds of other common zooplankton including veliger larvae (0.1-1 cm s -1 ), polychaetes (0.1-0.5 cm s -1 ), and zoea (0.8-2 cm s -1 ) (Mileikovsky 1973) are adequate to easily propel them quickly to the surface in shallow water. Consistent with our results, the strongest swimmers, especially copepods and polychaetes, also showed the strongest gradients in the depleted near-bottom zone in the Red Sea .…”

Section: Proximal Causes Of Zooplankton Surface Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: implications for coral reef food webs

Alldredge

King

2009

Coral Reefs

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Zooplankton were 3-8 times more abundant during the day near the surface than elsewhere in the water column over a 1-2.4 m deep back reef in Moorea, French Polynesia. Zooplankton were also significantly more abundant near the surface at night although gradients were most pronounced under moonlight. Zooplankton in a unidirectional current became concentrated near the surface within 2 m of departing a well-mixed trough immediately behind the reef crest, indicating that upward swimming behavior, rather than near-bottom depletion by reef planktivores, was the proximal cause of these gradients. Zooplankton were highly enriched near the surface before and after a full lunar eclipse but distributed evenly throughout the water column during the eclipse itself supporting light as a proximal cue for the upward swimming behavior of many taxa. This is the first investigation of the vertical distribution of zooplankton over a shallow back reef typical of island barrier reef systems common around the world. Previous studies on deeper fringing reefs found zooplankton depletion near the bottom but no enrichment aloft. In Moorea, where seawater is continuously recirculated out the lagoon and back across the reef crest onto the back reef, selection for upward swimming behavior may be especially strong, because the surface serves both as a refuge from predation and an optimum location for retention within the reef system. Planktivorous fish and corals that can forage or grow even marginally higher in the water column might have a substantial competitive advantage over those nearer the bottom on shallow reefs. Zooplankton abundance varied more over a few tens of centimeters vertical distance than it did between seasons or even between day and night indicating that great care must be taken to accurately assess the availability of zooplankton as food on shallow reefs.

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“…Many holoplanktonic species undergo daily vertical migrations (Thorson 1964;Mileikovsky 1973;Forward 1988), a pattern also shown by pelagic larval stages of some fish and invertebrate species (e.g., fish, Forward et al 1996a,b andcrustacean, Shanks 1986). The most common diel vertical migration type (DVM) corresponds to a deeper distribution of larvae during daytime and surfacing at night (Richards et al 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Avoiding offshore transport of competent larvae during upwelling events: The case of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas in Central Chile

Poulin

Palma

Leiva

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

123

113

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The coast of central Chile is characterized by the occurrence of coastal upwelling during the austral spring and summer seasons, which probably has important consequences for the cross‐shelf transport of larval stages of many species. Three cruises were conducted off the locality of El Quisco during upwelling‐favorable wind periods to determine the surface distribution of epineustonic competent larvae of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas during such events. Contrary to the predictions of a traditional model, where neustonic‐type larvae are transported offshore under such conditions, competent larvae of this species were exclusively found in the area between the shore and the upwelling front. Two additional cruises were conducted during calm periods to determine diel variation in the vertical distribution of C. concholepas competent larvae. The absence of competent larvae at the surface during early night hours suggests a reverse vertical migration. Thus, the retention of C. concholepas competent larvae in the upwelled waters could be the result of the interaction between their reverse diel vertical migration and the typical two‐layer upwelling dynamics.

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Speed of active movement of pelagic larvae of marine bottom invertebrates and their ability to regulate their vertical position

Cited by 133 publications

References 18 publications

Vertical positioning and swimming performance of lobster larvae (Homarus gammarus) in an artificial water column at Helgoland, North Sea

Vertical positioning and swimming performance of lobster larvae (Homarus gammarus) in an artificial water column at Helgoland, North Sea

Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: implications for coral reef food webs

Avoiding offshore transport of competent larvae during upwelling events: The case of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas in Central Chile

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