Speed choice and driving performance in simulated foggy conditions

Brooks, Johnell O.; Crisler, Matthew C.; Klein, Nathan; Goodenough, Richard R.; Beeco, Rebekkah W.; Guirl, Chris; Tyler, Peg; Hilpert, Anna; Miller, Yarbough; Grygier, Jason; Burroughs, Brooke; Martin, Ashley; Ray, Rob; Palmer, Cody; Beck, Christine R.

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.014

Cited by 104 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Despite the speed reductions for the most reduced visibility however, it was calculated that drivers would likely be incapable of stopping to avoid obstacles in the roadway (Brooks et al 2011;Blake et al 2016a), a situation that corresponds to what has been recorded on actual roads in inclement weather (Edwards 1999). Additionally, lane-keeping ability was reduced when fog resulted in visibility distances \ 30 m (Brooks et al 2011).…”

Section: Effects Of Visibility Degradation On Surface Transportation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Brooks et al (2011) used a driver-simulation method to determine how drivers react when driving in varying levels of fog and to assess whether drivers are willing to drive at speeds where their lane-keeping performance is degraded due to the reduced visibility. Observed speed reductions were as follows:…”

Section: Effects Of Visibility Degradation On Surface Transportation mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visibility in airborne volcanic ash: considerations for surface transportation using a laboratory-based method

2018

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All modes of surface transportation can be disrupted by visibility degradation caused by airborne volcanic ash. Despite much qualitative evidence of low visibility on roads following historical eruptions worldwide, there have been few detailed studies that have attempted to quantify relationships between visibility conditions and observed impacts on network functionality and safety. In the absence of detailed field observations, such gaps in knowledge can be filled by developing empirical datasets through laboratory investigations. Here, we use historical eruption data to estimate a plausible range of ashsettling rates and ash particle characteristics for Auckland city, New Zealand. We propose and implement a new experimental set-up in controlled laboratory conditions, which incorporates a dual-pass transmissometer and solid aerosol generator, to reproduce these ash-settling rates and calculate visual ranges through the associated airborne volcanic ash. Our findings demonstrate that visibility is most impaired for high ash-settling rates (i.e. [ 500 g m -2 h -1 ) and particle size is deemed the most influential ash characteristic for visual range. For the samples tested (all \ 320 lm particle diameter), visibility was restricted to * 1-2 m when ash settling was replicated for very high rates (i.e. * 4000 g m -2 h -1 ) and was especially low when ash particles were fine-grained, more irregular in shape and lighter in colour. Finally, we consider potential implications for disruption to surface transportation in Auckland through comparisons with existing research which investigates the consequences of visual range reduction for other atmospheric hazards such as fog. This includes discussing how our approach might be utilised in emergency and transport management planning. Finally, we summarise strategies available -018-3205-3 for the mitigation of visibility degradation in environments contaminated with volcanic ash.

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Section: Effects Of Visibility Degradation On Surface Transportation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Visibility Degradation On Surface Transportation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visibility in airborne volcanic ash: considerations for surface transportation using a laboratory-based method

2018

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“…Reduced visibility due to fog can distort distance cues and this is one of the main explanations given for the behavioural modifications and high accident rate associated with driving in fog. 12 Note however that both the nature of the task and the degree of fog will affect the likely impact, for example lane-keeping ability does not appear to be affected until visibility is reduced to less than 30 m. 13 Rather than considering individual tasks, what matters to many people is likely to be the overall effect of fog on road traffic accidents. Two studies of road accidents occurring in fog (or smoke) found that fog led to crashes that were more severe and more likely to involve multiple vehicles; that fog crashes were more likely to occur at night without street lighting; and that there is an elevated prevalence of crashes among young drivers and along undivided rural highways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of fog on detection of driving hazards after dark

Fotios

Cheal

Fox

et al. 2017

Lighting Research & Technology

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The presence of fog leads to an increase in road traffic accidents. An experiment was carried out using a scale model to investigate how the detection of hazards in peripheral vision was affected by changes in luminance (0.1 cd/m 2 and 1.0 cd/m 2 road surface luminance), scotopic/photopic (S/P) ratio (0.65 and 1.40) and fog density (none, thin and thick). Two hazards were used, a road surface obstacle and lane change of another vehicle. Increasing luminance, and reducing from thick to thin fog, led to significant increase in detection rate and a reduction in reaction time, for both types of hazard. The effect of a change in S/P ratio was significant only when measuring detection of the surface obstacle using reaction times, under the thick fog, with an increase in S/P ratio leading to a shorter reaction time.

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“…A couple of years later, a similar study using a test track concluded that drivers overestimate their actual speeds in foggy conditions (8). This study also considered fog as a uniform contrast reduction, simulating it with plastic filters covering the windshields and windows.…”

Section: Driver Behavior During Reduced Visibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent study by Brooks et al (8) used driver simulator data that more accurately coded fog as a distance dependent contrast reduction to give insight into driver behavior under reduced visibility. The study measured the ability of participants to stay in their lane and maintain speed.…”

Section: Driver Behavior During Reduced Visibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a Variable Speed Limit System on Driver Speed Choice and Crash Characteristics During Low Visibility Conditions

Hidalgo¹

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Speed choice and driving performance in simulated foggy conditions

Cited by 104 publications

References 10 publications

Visibility in airborne volcanic ash: considerations for surface transportation using a laboratory-based method

Visibility in airborne volcanic ash: considerations for surface transportation using a laboratory-based method

The effect of fog on detection of driving hazards after dark

Impact of a Variable Speed Limit System on Driver Speed Choice and Crash Characteristics During Low Visibility Conditions

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