Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates

Alberizzi, Jacopo C.; Renzi, Massimiliano; Righetti, Maurizio; Pisaturo, Giuseppe Roberto; Rossi, Mosé

doi:10.3390/en12244738

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The feasibility of the system and the economic return are highlighted by numerous studies applied to real hydraulic networks [17,[21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Energy Recovery In Wdnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Distributed System of e-Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Pumps as Turbine to Support Sustainable Micromobility

et al. 2021

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Recent statistics shows that CO2 emissions from road transport have been increasing. In addition, the paradigm of “more electric vehicles” does not seem to be positive from the environmental point of view. In fact, assuming the current energy mix system, studies focusing on Life Cycle Assessment and Well-To-Wheels analysis demonstrate that electric vehicles are less eco-friendly than traditional internal combustion-based engines. Then, it is mandatory to shift toward renewable energy sources to produce electricity with less CO2 emission. In this work, it is proposed to use a new e-vehicles charging system based on Pumps used as Turbine (PATs). This system uses the pressure in excess that could be available in a water distribution network (WDN). Such an excess of pressure is usually destroyed by pressure-reducing valves with the aim to reduce water leaks. PATs are also able to reduce water pressure and produce electrical energy that can be supplied to e-vehicles charging stations. Then, a bi-level methodology to design and optimize the e-charging stations system for (individual or shared) e-bikes and/or e-scooters is proposed. The method allows determining the optimal number of e-vehicles, charging stations docks, and PATs on the study area according to the WDN layout and hydraulic properties as well as the road network characteristics and demand of e-vehicles. The potential of the methodology is shown by an application to a real case study.

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“…The feasibility of the system and the economic return are highlighted by numerous studies applied to real hydraulic networks [17,[21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Energy Recovery In Wdnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Distributed System of e-Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Pumps as Turbine to Support Sustainable Micromobility

et al. 2021

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“…To model the PHES system a centrifugal pump Calpeda N32-125 A/A has been selected. Its performance in both pump and turbine mode are fully described in [9] and [10]. The operational limits of the PaT have been selected in order to operate it always at its Best Efficiency Point (BEP) both in pump and turbine mode.…”

Section: Phes and Battery Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The novelty of this investigation work regards the use of greenhouse gases emissions trends of the ICG, which are usually considered as constant in literature also when ICGs are operating at partial load. Moreover, the algorithm has been tested on a case study where the machine used to simulate the PHES system is a Pump used as Turbine (PaT) [10]. It constitutes a promising technology that has still to be fully investigated and that can turn to be a feasible alternative to conventional batteries in many cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Batteries and Pumping Hydro with PaTs as energy storage technologies for a micro-hybrid generation system: Multi-objective optimization through a MILP algorithm

Alberizzi

Rossi

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Small-scale hybrid energy systems are often composed by different power production technologies and adopted in mini-grids. In this work, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization algorithm has been developed to compute the optimal scheduling of a micro-grid constituted by Internal Combustion Generators (ICGs) and a Storage System that can be either a conventional battery storage system or a Pumping Hydro energy Storage (PHES) based on Pump-as-Turbines. The algorithm computes the optimal energy generation scheduling of the micro-grid, minimizing a multi-objective fitness function constituted by the total costs of the energy system and the total CO2 and NOx emissions. In particular, the emissions are modelled with varying trends depending on the ICG load and not with constant values, which represents a simplification that is often adopted but that can induce misleading results. Furthermore, the algorithm takes into account all the physical constraints related to the generators and the storage system, such as maximum and minimum power generation, ramp-up and ramp-down limits and minimum up and down-time. The two energy storage technologies are compared and results show that a management strategy based on this algorithm can reduce significantly the total emissions of the system.

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“…Finally, the BEP of the pump, in terms of head and flow rate, was used to select the optimal turbomachine. Similarly, Alberizzi et al [13] set the BEP of the PAT equal to the design parameters of the WDN. Then, the pump running in direct mode was identified by means of empirical correlations that estimate both the specific speed and specific diameter of the considered turbomachine that, as a result, can be chosen from pump catalogues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal selection of pumps as turbines for maximizing electrical energy production

2021

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A Pump as Turbine (PAT) is a renewable energy technology that can be a cost-effective and reliable alternative to hydraulic turbines in micro and small hydropower plants. In order to further favour PAT exploitation, a general procedure that allows the identification of the most suitable turbomachine to install is required. To this purpose, this paper develops a novel methodology aimed at selecting the best PAT that, among several alternatives, maximizes energy production. The methodology comprises two steps, which only require the knowledge of the best efficiency point of the considered pump and the hydraulic parameters of the site. The novel methodology is validated in this paper by calculating the electrical energy production of a simulated water distribution network coupled with several PATs, whose performance curves, both in direct and reverse modes, are taken from the literature. For the sake of generality, the considered turbomachines account for different geometrical characteristics, rotational speeds and operating ranges.

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Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

A Novel Distributed System of e-Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Pumps as Turbine to Support Sustainable Micromobility

A Novel Distributed System of e-Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Pumps as Turbine to Support Sustainable Micromobility

Comparison of Batteries and Pumping Hydro with PaTs as energy storage technologies for a micro-hybrid generation system: Multi-objective optimization through a MILP algorithm

Optimal selection of pumps as turbines for maximizing electrical energy production

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