Speech sounds learned by sleeping newborns

Cheour, Marie; Martynova, Olga; Näätänen, Risto; Erkkola, Risto; Sillanpää, Matti; Kero, Pentti; Raz, Amir; Kaipio, Marja-Liisa; Hiltunen, Jaana; Aaltonen, Olli; Savela, Janne; Hämäläinen, Heikki

doi:10.1038/415599b

Cited by 161 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In a similar vein, the previous study by Kiviniemi et al (15) showed that low-frequency, spontaneous fMRI signal changes in the primary visual cortex persist during sedation in children. In addition, speech sounds have been found to be learned by sleeping newborns as indicated by electrophysiological responses (36). We could detect resting-state patterns in primary sensory regions (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Resting-state networks in the infant brain

Fransson

Skiöld²,

Horsch³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

591

527

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In the absence of any overt task performance, it has been shown that spontaneous, intrinsic brain activity is expressed as systemwide, resting-state networks in the adult brain. However, the route to adult patterns of resting-state activity through neuronal development in the human brain is currently unknown. Therefore, we used functional MRI to map patterns of resting-state activity in infants during sleep. We found five unique resting-states networks in the infant brain that encompassed the primary visual cortex, bilateral sensorimotor areas, bilateral auditory cortex, a network including the precuneus area, lateral parietal cortex, and the cerebellum as well as an anterior network that incorporated the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that resting-state networks driven by spontaneous signal fluctuations are present already in the infant brain. The potential link between the emergence of behavior and patterns of resting-state activity in the infant brain is discussed.development ͉ functional MRI ͉ spontaneous activity R ecent research on functional connectivity in the brain, in particular during resting-state conditions, has come to focus on low-frequency (Ͻ0.1 Hz), spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI (fMRI) signal. Discovered by Biswal et al. (1), it has been shown that systemwide networks in the resting brain are synchronized in time through intrinsic low-frequency signal fluctuations. Whereas early fMRI studies demonstrated synchronicity of intrinsic brain activity across hemispheres in primary sensory cortices (2, 3), succeeding studies have shown temporal synchronization in a resting-state network encompassing higher-order cortices (4). A systematic investigation of resting-state activity in the adult human brain was recently presented by Damoiseaux et al. (5). Using independentcomponent analysis (ICA), a data-driven explorative data analysis approach, they showed that there are numerous networks in the brain that are driven by spontaneous activity. Besides networks that are in part or fully described by the previously reported default mode (6) and task-positive network (7, 8), they found consistent patterns of resting-state activity in the visual cortex, sensorimotor areas, auditory areas, as well as extrastriate brain regions. These findings together with previous investigations on spontaneous activity suggest that the assumption that the brain during rest is idle and waiting to be triggered and respond to changes in the environment is not strictly valid. Rather, in addition to responding to changes in external stimuli or tasks, the brain is characterized by intrinsic dynamics in the form of coherent and spontaneous fluctuations, clustered together in networks that are credible from an anatomical and functional perspective.Interestingly, recent studies have presented evidence that spontaneous activity is relevant for human behavior. Momentary lapses of attention, affecting goal-oriented behavior on a global/ local selective attention task, were related to a fai...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Resting-state networks in the infant brain

Fransson

Skiöld²,

Horsch³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

591

527

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An oddball paradigm has been used to demonstrate that sleeping newborns are able to learn to discriminate small differences in speech sounds. The MMN-like activity was larger in a group of newborns that had received nocturnal stimulus training than in those that had not (Cheour et al, 2002b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It was shown that a mismatch response was elicited both to changes in speech stimuli (e.g., Leppänen et al, 1999;Cheour et al, 2002b) and to changes in pure or complex tones (e.g., Leppänen et al, 1997;Čeponiene et al, 2002;Huotilainen et al, 2003). An oddball paradigm has been used to demonstrate that sleeping newborns are able to learn to discriminate small differences in speech sounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborns discriminate novel from harmonic sounds: A study using magnetoencephalography

Sambeth

Huotilainen

Kushnerenko

et al. 2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…The MMN has been observed for both simple auditory discrimination, as well as relatively complex and even abstract regularities (20). Infants' MMRs can be measured from birth (21,22) and show a specific developmental pattern, beginning with a positive response in early infancy to a more mature negative-going MMN later on (23-25). Notably, MMN development is feature-specific; that is, an adult-like negativity may occur at different developmental times across various auditory features (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory perception at the root of language learning

Mueller

Friederici

Männel

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

182

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Learning a spoken language presupposes efficient auditory functions. In the present event-related potential study, we tested whether and how basic auditory processes are related to online learning of a linguistic rule in infants and adults. Participants listened to frequent standard stimuli, which were interspersed with infrequent pitch deviants and rule deviants, violating a nonadjacent dependency between two syllables. Only infants who showed the more mature mismatch response for the pitch deviants (i.e., a negativity) showed a mismatch response to the rule deviants. Concordantly, the small group of adults who showed evidence of rule learning showed larger mismatch effects for pitch processing. We conclude that the ability to extract linguistic rules develops in early infancy and is tightly linked to functional aspects of basic auditory mechanisms.language acquisition | AXB rules | pitch perception | mismatch negativity H uman language is based on an acoustically transmitted signal. The successful language learner needs to decode the linguistic content of a complex auditory signal into its component units and their relation to each other, thus deriving words and rules. Although sufficient speech input is widely considered to be crucial for language learning, the perceptual abilities that form the gateway to spoken language have long been neglected in first and second language acquisition research. Basic auditory perception may, however, be an important determinant of language learning processes across the range of normal and abnormal development.There is empirical evidence supporting the idea that early auditory abilities impact on later outcomes of language development in normal infants and populations with language-related disorders (1-3). Furthermore, auditory brainstem responses in language-impaired children suggest that low-level auditory processes contribute to the pathogenesis of language disorders (4). In adults, individual differences in perceptual abilities correlate with language-processing abilities in their native and a second language (5, 6). The findings suggest a potential causal relationship between basic auditory processing ability and the efficiency of language learning in infancy and adulthood.Although infants do not produce complex language in their first year of life, they show remarkable abilities to extract regular patterns from speech input early on. Eight-month-old infants, and even newborns, have been shown to be sensitive to transitional probabilities between syllables defining word-like units (7,8). Syllable repetitions can be detected from birth (9) and dependencies between nonadjacent units of speech can be detected as early as 4 mo of age (10). Learners seem to be able to exploit various distributional and acoustic cues to detect words and rules in speech input. Infants, for example, take advantage of prosodic cues for detecting possible words in the linguistic input (11). Similarly, prosodic cues seem to assist adults' extraction of grammatical patterns from speech input (12, 1...

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Speech sounds learned by sleeping newborns

Cited by 161 publications

References 8 publications

Resting-state networks in the infant brain

Resting-state networks in the infant brain

Newborns discriminate novel from harmonic sounds: A study using magnetoencephalography

Auditory perception at the root of language learning

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