Speech-processing capacity in young and older adults: A dual-task study.

Tun, Patricia A.; Wingfield, Arthur; Stine, Elizabeth A. L.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.6.1.3

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Disruptions of normal stress and prosody have been shown to impair the performance of older adults on speech segmentation and recall tasks while exaggerated stress enhances their performance (Stine & Wingfield, 1987;Wingfield, Lahar, & Downloaded by [York University Libraries] at 09:52 03 January 2015 Stine, 1989). Simultaneous processing demands may also impair older adults' abilities to process speech (Stine, Wingfield, & Meyers, 1990;Tun, Wingfield, & Stine, 1991) and such speech processing differences can be eliminated when older and young adults are matched on working memory span.…”

Section: Facilitating Older Adults' Performance On a Referential Commmentioning

confidence: 97%

Facilitating older adults' performance on a referential communication task through speech accommodations

Kemper¹,

Othick

Warren

et al. 1996

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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This study used a referential communication task to investigate the effectiveness of elderspeak, a speech register targeted at older listeners. The tasks required the listener to reproduce a route drawn on a city map or dot pattern following the speaker's instructions. In the current variant of the task, listeners were prohibited from interrupting or questioning the speakers. Dyads of young-young, older-older, and young-older adults were compared with regard to measures of fluency, prosody, grammatical complexity, semantic content, and speaker style. The older speakers showed little variation in response to listener age or task

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Section: Facilitating Older Adults' Performance On a Referential Commmentioning

confidence: 97%

Facilitating older adults' performance on a referential communication task through speech accommodations

Kemper¹,

Othick

Warren

et al. 1996

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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“…Many studies have provided evidence for a WM impairment in normal aging (Dobbs & Rule, 1989;Foos, 1989;Tun, Wingfield & Stine, 1991;Wright, 1981), which would suggest that DAT and aging lie on a severity continuum. Recent studies suggest that normal aged people are unimpaired on some WM tasks Belleville, Rouleau, & Caza, 1998;Rouleau & Belleville, 1996;Salthouse, Fristoe, Lineweaver, & Coon, 1995).…”

Section: Inhibition and Manipulation In Datmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of manipulation and irrelevant noise on working memory capacity of patients with Alzheimer's dementia.

Belleville¹,

Rouleau²,

Linden³

et al. 2003

Neuropsychology

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The effect of manipulation and distracting noise on immediate serial recall was measured in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), normal elderly individuals and young subjects. Experiment 1 compared serial word recall to word recall in alphabetical order. Alphabetical recall requires the active manipulation of the contents of working memory. Findings indicated that patients were severely impaired in the alphabetical recall task whereas performance of normal elderly subjects was comparable to young subjects. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of different irrelevant auditory backgrounds on immediate digit recall. In this task, both normal elderly subjects and DAT patients performed similarly to the group of young subjects, indicating comparable efficacy to resist auditory distraction. Heterogeneity of performance was assessed in the DAT patients, revealing that the alphabetical tasks yielded particularly heterogeneous performance levels. Finally, the absence of any systematic relationship between the two tasks suggests that they reflect different aspects of working memory.Key words: working memory, dementia of the Alzheimer type, manipulation, distraction, ageing Inhibition and manipulation in DAT 3Alzheimer's disease is the major cause of dementia. As no biological marker of Alzheimer's disease currently exists, the diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) relies on extensive neurological and neuropsychological assessment. In this context, the task of the clinical neuropsychologist is to find evidence for the presence of a cognitive impairment which goes beyond that observed in the normal course of ageing.There are empirical data suggesting that working memory (WM) is impaired in DAT. WM is a short-term retention system involved in on-line processing and maintenance of information. This memory system plays a major role in numerous cognitive tasks including language comprehension, mental calculation, and the control of actions. A decrease in the span capacities of DAT patients has been reported for numerous types of material (Belleville, Peretz &, Malenfant, 1996;Corkin, 1982;Dannenbaum, Parkinson, & Inman, 1988;Hulme, Lee, & Brown, 1993; Kaszniack, Garon, & Fox, 1979;Kopelman, 1985;Morris, 1984;1987;Orsini, Trojano, Chiacchio, & Grossi, 1988;Spinnler, Della Sala, Bandera, & Baddeley, 1988).However, span is typically not very helpful in early diagnosis as it is unimpaired in early DAT patients (Corkin, 1982;Martin, Brouwers, Cox & Fedio, 1985;and Orsini et al., 1988).Other researchers have found that DAT patients are particularly impaired in WM tasks that implicate dual task coordination. DAT patients are impaired in adapted versions of the Brown-Peterson procedure Morris, 1986) whereby subjects are required to memorize letters while performing tasks of increasing difficulty (e.g.: finger tapping, articulation, digit addition). Baddeley and collaborators (Baddeley, Bressi, Della Sala, Logie & Spinnler, 1991;Baddeley, Logie, Bressi, Della Sala, & Spinnler, 1986) have used a divided...

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“…Other, simultaneous processing demands may also impair older adults' abilities to process speech (Tun, Wingfield, & Stine, 1991) and such speech processing differences can be eliminated when older and young adults are matched on working memory span. Additionally, older adults do not benefit from augmentation by the simultaneous presentation of the audio and video portions of a television news broadcast or the provision of a written transcript of the audio portion (Stine, Wingfield, & Myers, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Elderspeak: Speech accommodations to older adults

Kemper

1994

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

150

107

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Ten service providers and 10 caregivers were recorded as they spoke to groups of younger or older adults. Ten-minute speech samples were analyzed for the occurrence of "elderspeak." systematic speech accommodations directed towards older adults, using measures of syntactic complexity, verbal fluency, propositional content, lexical choice, discourse organization, speech rate, and other stylistic markers. Both the caregivers and service providers adjusted how they spoke to different audiences: They reduced the length and complexity of their utterances, produced more lexical fillers and sentence fragments, used fewer long words of three or more syllables, more utterances per turn and per topic, and more repetitions when addressing older adults. They also spoke more slowly and paused longer when addressing older audiences. Propositional content, type-token ratios, diminutives and tag questions, however, did not vary with audience. These findings confirm prior subjective accounts of the use of an "elderspeak" register.Ryan, Giles, Bartolucci, and Henwood (1 986) proposed the term "communication predicament of aging" to refer to the impact of negative expectations, held by others and, perhaps, echoed by older adults themselves, about the communicative competence of older adults. This predicament leads to ... a vicious cycle in which the changes of aging (e.g., physical appearance, voice quality, hearing difficulties, slowness of movement, loss of role) elicit [exdogenous] interpretations from others of diminished competence; and these inferences then lead to constraining conditions in which the older person has less opportunity to communicate effectively .

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Speech-processing capacity in young and older adults: A dual-task study.

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Facilitating older adults' performance on a referential communication task through speech accommodations

Facilitating older adults' performance on a referential communication task through speech accommodations

Effect of manipulation and irrelevant noise on working memory capacity of patients with Alzheimer's dementia.

Elderspeak: Speech accommodations to older adults

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