Speech Performance, Dysphagia and Oral Reflexes in Cerebral Palsy

Love, Russell J.; Hagerman, Evelyn L.; Taimi, Elaine G.

doi:10.1044/jshd.4501.59

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…For example, articulation disorders and impaired speech intelligibility are present in 38% of children with CP (see table 6). 64,65 Because their impaired mobility can cause limited interaction with individuals in the environment, children with CP might not be able to develop the linguistic skills necessary to develop more complex speech patterns. 66 Language (as opposed to speech) deficits in CP go hand in hand with verbal intellectual limitations associated with mental retardation.…”

Section: Associated Conditions What Evaluations For Associated Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…66 Language (as opposed to speech) deficits in CP go hand in hand with verbal intellectual limitations associated with mental retardation. 67 Oral-motor problems including feeding difficulties, [68][69][70] swallowing dysfunction, 65,70 and drooling 71 may lead to potential serious impacts on nutrition and growth, 72 oral health, 73,74 respiration, 75 and self-esteem. Hearing impairment.…”

Section: Associated Conditions What Evaluations For Associated Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practice Parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy [RETIRED]

Ashwal¹,

Russman²,

Blasco³

et al. 2004

Neurology

526

327

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Abstract-Objective:The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society develop practice parameters as strategies for patient management based on analysis of evidence. For this parameter the authors reviewed available evidence on the assessment of a child suspected of having cerebral palsy (CP), a nonprogressive disorder of posture or movement due to a lesion of the developing brain. Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed, abstracted, and classified. Recommendations were based on a four-tiered scheme of evidence classification. Results: CP is a common problem, occurring in about 2 to 2.5 per 1,000 live births. In order to establish that a brain abnormality exists in children with CP that may, in turn, suggest an etiology and prognosis, neuroimaging is recommended with MRI preferred to CT (Level A). Metabolic and genetic studies should not be routinely obtained in the evaluation of the child with CP (Level B). If the clinical history or findings on neuroimaging do not determine a specific structural abnormality or if there are additional and atypical features in the history or clinical examination, metabolic and genetic testing should be considered (Level C). Detection of a brain malformation in a child with CP warrants consideration of an underlying genetic or metabolic etiology. Because the incidence of cerebral infarction is high in children with hemiplegic CP, diagnostic testing for coagulation disorders should be considered (Level B). However, there is insufficient evidence at present to be precise as to what studies should be ordered. An EEG is not recommended unless there are features suggestive of epilepsy or a specific epileptic syndrome (Level A). Because children with CP may have associated deficits of mental retardation, ophthalmologic and hearing impairments, speech and language disorders, and oral-motor dysfunction, screening for these conditions should be part of the initial assessment (Level A). Conclusions: Neuroimaging results in children with CP are commonly abnormal and may help determine the etiology. Screening for associated conditions is warranted as part of the initial evaluation. NEUROLOGY 2004;62:851-863 Cerebral palsy (CP) can be defined as a disorder of aberrant control of movement and posture, appearing early in life secondary to a CNS lesion or dysfunction that is not the result of a recognized progressive or degenerative brain disease.1 The brain abnormality may occur pre-, peri-, or postnatally. The diagnosis of CP always involves a motor deficit and the usual presenting complaint for which medical evaluation is sought is that the child is not reaching motor milestones at the appropriate chronological age. In most

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Section: Associated Conditions What Evaluations For Associated Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Associated Conditions What Evaluations For Associated Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice Parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy [RETIRED]

Ashwal¹,

Russman²,

Blasco³

et al. 2004

Neurology

526

327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These events often produce damage to the pyramidal tract, a major output pathway from the motor cortex to the brainstem and cranial nerve motoneurons, as well as to ascending sensory pathways and commissural and association fibers. Dysphagia, dysfunctional feeding patterns, and a variety of voluntary orofacial motor deficits, such as dysarthria, have been associated with CP [10,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Lesion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the cerebral cortex in swallowing

1993

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This paper reviews clinical, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological studies that have implicated the cerebral cortex in the initiation and/or regulation of swallowing as well as related functions such as mastication. Cortical dysfunction has been reported to result in a variety of swallowing impairments. Furthermore, swallowing can be evoked and/or modulated by stimulation applied to restricted regions of the cortex. Neuroanatomical investigations and single neuron recording studies also provide some insights into the cortical structures, pathways, and mechanisms that may mediate deglutition.

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“…Finally, support for the functional linkage of speech and nonspeech behaviors has routinely been drawn from clinical practice (e.g., Mueller, 1972;Palmer, 1947;Westlake, 1951). Treatment of infants and toddlers with oromotor deficits is frequently designed to elicit vegetative activities to enhance speech development (Love, Hagerman, & Taimi, 1980;Netsell, 1986). One primary motivation for prespeech/ feeding therapy is the belief that muscle activity for developing speech includes elaborations and refinements of motor patterns produced during vegetative movements (Netsell, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of Lip Muscle Activity by 2-Year-Old Children During Speech and Nonspeech Tasks

Ruark

Moore

1997

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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This investigation was designed to quantify the coordinative organization of lip muscle activity of 2-year-old children during speech and nonspeech behaviors. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of right upper and lower lip activity of seven 2-year-old children were obtained during productions of chewing, syllable repetition, lip protrusion, and speech (repeated two-word utterances) tasks. Task comparisons revealed that the coordinative organization of upper and lower lip activity is task specific; different coordinative strategies are employed for different tasks. Lip protrusion and syllable repetition tasks yielded strong coupling of upper and lower lip activity. Lip rounding (sentences containing the lip-rounding vowel /u/) and "nonlabial" speech tasks (sentences free of bilabials and lip-rounding vowels) resulted in low coupling of upper and lower lip activity. Moderate levels of coupling of upper and lower lip activity were evident for chewing and bilabial speech tasks (sentences loaded with bilabial plosion). This finding, that the coordinative elements of the perioral system of 2-year-olds are task specific, extends the results of previous studies of adults and children, where task-specific coordinative strategies were employed by the mandibular and perioral systems (Moore, 1993;Moore & Ruark, 1996;Moore, Smith, & Ringel, 1988;Wohlert & Goffman, 1994). The task-dependent coordination of the perioral system of 2-year-olds supports the notion that developing speech and earlier developing oromotor behaviors (i.e., sucking, chewing) are mediated by different control mechanisms.

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Speech Performance, Dysphagia and Oral Reflexes in Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Practice Parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy [RETIRED]

Practice Parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy [RETIRED]

The role of the cerebral cortex in swallowing

Coordination of Lip Muscle Activity by 2-Year-Old Children During Speech and Nonspeech Tasks

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