Objective:The main purpose of this study was to compare different speech related parameters in dual-mode esophageal and tracheoesophageal speakers. A second purpose was to compare the speech characteristics of these (tracheo) esophageal speakers with age-and gender matched controls. Materials and Methods: Four male laryngectomees who were profi cient esophageal and tracheoesophageal speakers provided audio recordings of sustained vowels and connected speech using both alaryngeal methods. The participants from the control group also followed the same procedure. From the recorded samples, fundamental frequency (F0), maximum phonation duration (MPD), formant frequencies, and speech rate related parameters were extracted. Results: Although there was no statistically signifi cant difference between the two alaryngeal modes for any of the measured parameters, the absolute fundamental frequency and MPD values were higher in TE mode. However, when compared to controls, both the alaryngeal modes depicted signifi cantly shorter MPD values, higher fi rst formant frequency values, slower speech rate, and higher frequency of pauses. Conclusion: The results suggest that most group differences found between esophageal and tracheoesophageal speech in the past may be due to large inter-subject variability, and that within speakers, similarity is more between esophageal and tracheoesophageal speech than with laryngeal speech. These results have implications for understanding the pseudoglottic voice mechanism. and the person is taught to articulate movements with the sound of the vibrator. Because of the mechanical sounding voice and high cost constraints, this method is not preferred by many laryngectomy participants. Esophageal speech is produced by either injecting or insufflating air through the esophagus, and by making pharyngo-esophageal (PE) segment vibrate, whereas in TE speech, a puncture is made between the trachea and esophagus and a small silicon prosthesis is inserted into this opening. This prosthesis allows the air to pass from lungs to upper esophagus through a one-way valve action. Hence, like normal laryngeal voicing, TE speech is pulmonary driven, i.e. air from lungs is used to vibrate the PE segment. Because of the air supply from lungs, TE speech is supposed to result in longer phonation time and
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