Speech Genres, of Mikhail Bakhtin

Abstract

The recent Paulo Bezerra’s translation of Bakhtin’s essay Speech genres (1952-1953) has shed new light on Bakhtin’s dialogic theory. Although the translator has already translated this essay that integrates collection Aesthetics of verbal creation (2003), to pull it apart from the collection to relaunch it along with The text in linguistics, in philology and other human sciences (1959- 1961), he seeks to illuminate some aspects little emphasized in the old translation.

The Impermanence of Permanence: The Rise of Probationary Immigration in Canada

“…The contemporary move away from permanence was succinctly captured by the British government when it coined the term "probationary citizenship" in a 2008 proposal to create a new probationary stage through which temporary residents would have to pass before gaining access to permanent residence and, ultimately, citizenship. While the government eventually abandoned the legislation on logistical grounds, the idea continues to live on in the discourse and policies associated with "earned citizenship" (Van Houdt et al, 2011;Puzzo, 2016;Monforte et al, 2018). Conceptions of "earned" and "probationary" citizenship break the link between length of residence and the right to settlement: permanent residence and citizenship are no longer understood as rights that accrue to non-citizens with the passage of time in recognition of the human need to put down roots.…”