Speech errors of amnesic H.M.: Unlike everyday slips-of-the-tongue

MacKay, Donald G.; James, Lori E.; Hadley, Christopher B.; Fogler, Kethera

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.05.009

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This finding again indicates that proper names represent a special lexical category for H.M., and calls for qualification of the generalization that H.M. has a general tendency to repeat [3,6,11]. Despite repeating a wide range of forms reliably more often than memory-normal controls, including familiar stories, paragraphs, sentences, phrases, and common clichés, H.M. does not have a general tendency to repeat because he repeated proper name types but not pronoun types more often than controls.…”

Section: Study 2: Proper Name Use In Answering Episodic Memory Quementioning

confidence: 91%

“…Forming coherent plans for producing novel phrases and sentences has been problematic for H.M. in a wide range of tasks; see, e.g., [3,5,8,9,10,64,65], and [2] (as analyzed in [6]).…”

Section: Study 3: Compensation Underlying Hm’s Use and Misuse Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples are the six multi-word noun phrases in H.M.’s brief paragraph in (1): “a lay teacher”, “the kids”, “the nuns”, “the grade”, “the next grade”, “young kids”, and “in a way”. H.M. almost certainly encoded all six phrases prior to his lesion, and his error-free use of familiar phrases was probably one of the reasons why researchers interacting informally with H.M. since his lesion (mistakenly) assumed that his language skills were completely intact (see [3,6] for additional reasons).…”

Section: Summary Conclusion and Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, such errors are representative rather than exceptional aspects of H.M.’s speech: In well controlled experiments, H.M. has produced: (a) reliably more uncorrected word and phrase omissions than memory-normal controls, as in examples (2)–(4) from MacKay, James, Hadley, and Fogler [3]; (b) reliably more sequencing errors (transpositions, anticipations, and preservations of words and phrases) than memory-normal controls [3], and (c) reliably more neologisms in word reading [4], naming objects on the Boston Naming Test [5] and other tasks [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, category-specific aphasics sometimes produce errors that resemble H.M.’s, an observation that raises two important questions: Do H.M.’s language production deficits relative to controls in Corkin [7], MacKay, Burke et al [6], MacKay and James [4,8], MacKay, James, and Hadley [9], MacKay et al [3], MacKay, James, Taylor, and Marian [10], and MacKay, Stewart, and Burke [11] reflect a type of agrammatism? And does the possible or incipient left hemisphere damage suggested in Corkin, Amaral, González, Johnson, and Hyman [12] explain H.M.’s language deficits more parsimoniously than his hippocampal region damage?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compensating for Language Deficits in Amnesia I: H.M.’s Spared Retrieval Categories

et al. 2013

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Three studies examined amnesic H.M.’s use of words, phrases, and propositions on the Test of Language Competence (TLC). In Study 1, H.M. used 19 lexical categories (e.g., common nouns, verbs) and one syntactic category (noun phrases) with the same relative frequency as memory-normal controls, he used no lexical or syntactic category with less-than-normal frequency, and he used proper names (e.g., Melanie) and coordinative conjunctions (e.g., and) with reliably greater-than-normal frequency. In Study 2, H.M. overused proper names relative to controls when answering episodic memory questions about childhood experiences in speech and writing, replicating and extending Study 1 results for proper names. Based on detailed analyses of the use (and misuse) of coordinating conjunctions on the TLC, Study 3 developed a syntax-level “compensation hypothesis” for explaining why H.M. overused coordinating conjunctions relative to controls in Study 1. Present results suggested that (a) frontal mechanisms for retrieving word-, phrase-, and propositional-categories are intact in H.M., unlike in category-specific aphasia, (b) using his intact retrieval mechanisms, H.M. has developed a never-previously-observed proposition-level free association strategy to compensate for the hippocampal region damage that has impaired his mechanisms for encoding novel linguistic structures, and (c) H.M.’s overuse of proper names warrants further research.

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Section: Study 2: Proper Name Use In Answering Episodic Memory Quementioning

confidence: 91%

“…Forming coherent plans for producing novel phrases and sentences has been problematic for H.M. in a wide range of tasks; see, e.g., [3,5,8,9,10,64,65], and [2] (as analyzed in [6]).…”

Section: Study 3: Compensation Underlying Hm’s Use and Misuse Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Conclusion and Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compensating for Language Deficits in Amnesia I: H.M.’s Spared Retrieval Categories

et al. 2013

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Language adaptation and learning: Getting explicit about implicit learning

Chang

Janciauskas

Fitz

2012

Language and Linguist. Compass

138

123

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Linguistic adaptation is a phenomenon where language representations change in response to linguistic input. Adaptation can occur on multiple linguistic levels such as phonology (tuning of phonotactic constraints), words (repetition priming), and syntax (structural priming). The persistent nature of these adaptations suggests that they may be a form of implicit learning and connectionist models have been developed which instantiate this hypothesis. Research on implicit learning, however, has also produced evidence that explicit chunk knowledge is involved in the performance of these tasks. In this review, we examine how these interacting implicit and explicit processes may change our understanding of language learning and processing.

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The Ensemble Hypothesis of Human Cognitive Evolution

Kellogg

Evans

2018

Evolutionary Psychological Science

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Speech errors of amnesic H.M.: Unlike everyday slips-of-the-tongue

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Compensating for Language Deficits in Amnesia I: H.M.’s Spared Retrieval Categories

Compensating for Language Deficits in Amnesia I: H.M.’s Spared Retrieval Categories

Language adaptation and learning: Getting explicit about implicit learning

The Ensemble Hypothesis of Human Cognitive Evolution

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