Speech Disorders Related to Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

Sell, Debbie; Pereira, Valerie; Wren, Yvonne; Russell, Jane A.

doi:10.1002/9781119606987.ch21

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…15 The most prominent feature of cleft palate speech is the obvious high nasal sound in the front high vowel. [16][17][18] Different vowels have different timbre, and what determines the timbre of a vowel is the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity. When a voice passes through, it is filtered by the resonant cavity, so that the energy of different frequencies in the sound frequency domain can be redistributed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Speech in Adult Patients with Unrepaired Cleft Palate

Lou

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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To explore the speech outcomes of adult patients through subjective perception evaluation and objective acoustic analysis, and to compare the differences in pronunciation characteristics between speakers with adult patients with unrepaired cleft palate and their non-cleft peers.Participants and Intervention: Subjective evaluation indicators included speech intelligibility, nasality, and consonant missing rate, whereas objective acoustic parameters included normalized vowel formants, voice onset time, and the analysis of threedimensional spectrogram and spectrum, were carried out on speech samples produced by 2 groups of speakers: (a) speakers with unrepaired cleft palate (n = 65, mean age = 25.1 years) and (b) typical speakers (n = 30, mean age = 23.7 years). Results: Compared with typical speakers, individuals with unrepaired cleft palate exhibited a lower speech intelligibility with higher nasality and consonant missing rate, the missing rate is highest for the 6 consonants syllables The acoustic parameters are mainly manifested as differences in vowel formants and voice onset time. Conclusions: The results revealed important acoustical differences between adult patients with unrepaired cleft palate and typical speakers. The trend of spectral deviation may have contributed to the difficulty in producing pressure vowels and aspirated consonants in individuals with speech disorders related to cleft palate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Speech in Adult Patients with Unrepaired Cleft Palate

Lou

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…Another plausible explanation is that the internal maps within the feedforward control systems of individuals with CLP are inherently different due to deviated articulatory patterns in early speech development and later speech acquisition. 45 During early speech development, the feedback control system plays a critical role in ongoing speech before the acquisition of mature adult speech patterns. 44 Dental and oral anomalies common in CLP may also hinder the production of normal speech sounds and reinforce the development of deviated feedforward control mechanisms during the speech acquisition and development period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Vowels Normalized After Maxillary Osteotomy? An Acoustic Study in Cleft Lip and Palate

Tuomainen

et al. 2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Background: Maxillary hypoplasia is a common skeletal condition in cleft lip and palate (CLP). Maxillary osteotomy is typically used to reposition the maxilla in CLP with maxillary hypoplasia. Previous studies have suggested that vowel articulations are adjusted postsurgically due to altered vocal tract configuration and articulatory reorganization. This acoustic study aims to investigate whether vowels are normalized postoperatively and to explore the nature of articulatory reorganization. Methods and Procedures: A prospective study was conducted to examine the vowel production of a group of individuals with CLP (N ¼ 17) undergoing maxillary osteotomy and a group of normal controls (N ¼ 20), using speech acoustic data. The data were collected at 0 to 3 months presurgery (T1), 3-months (T2), and 12-months (T3) postsurgery. General linear model repeated measures and independent t-tests were undertaken on F1, F2, and vowel space area. Results: General linear model repeated measures revealed no main effects of time for F1 (F [2, 22] ¼ 1.094, P ¼ 0.352), F2 (F [2, 22] ¼ 1.269, P ¼ 0.301), and vowel space area (F [2, 28] ¼ 0.059, P ¼ 0.943). Independent t-tests showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) for all acoustic parameters and all vowels between the CLP and the normal groups at all time points. Conclusions: Vowels were not normalized after maxillary osteotomy despite positive anatomical changes within the oral cavity. Individuals with CLP tended to adjust their vowel articulatory gestures to match presurgical patterns. The nature of articulatory reorganization appears to be prompt, sensory-driven, complete, and permanent.

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“…Treatment through speech and language therapy can begin at a very young age, even before the palate closes. Therapy in newborns may focus on the development of feeding and oral-motor abilities, while therapy in older children may focus on helping them improve their ability to produce sounds and improve communication skills (Sell et al, 2021).…”

Section: Intervention For Speech Production Issues In Clpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of Speech Production in Cleft Lip/Palate

Yohana,

Handoko

2024

Arbitrer

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A cleft lip is a disorder caused by the incomplete joining of the lips or palate during fetal development. This condition can result in a variety of physical impairments, speech impairments, and even psychological impairments that can affect a person’s life. Patients with cleft lip usually suffer from dental problems, speech problems, and breathing and hearing problems. This condition can certainly lead to emotional and social problems that require attention from various parties, including surgeons, dentists, speech therapists, and psychologists, essential. Patients with cleft disorders usually have an inability to produce speech sounds due to the insufficient amount of air pressure passing through the oral cavity. The severity of the disorder depends on various factors such as the intensity of the cleft, age at the surgery, and hearing loss. Early support and treatment can greatly improve patients’ quality of life. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive research to address the different issues associated with cleft lip/palate. This involves not only healthcare professionals, such as speech-language pathologists, surgeons, orthodontists, and pediatric dentists, but also communication experts, such as linguists, to develop effective treatments and strategies. This review article discusses the relationship between clefts and speech production, as well as the factors that play a role in improving the quality of life of patients with cleft. The article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of clefts, serving as a reference for dentists, surgeons, linguists, and other professionals who work with cleft patients.

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Speech Disorders Related to Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

Cited by 5 publications

References 115 publications

Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Speech in Adult Patients with Unrepaired Cleft Palate

Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Speech in Adult Patients with Unrepaired Cleft Palate

Are Vowels Normalized After Maxillary Osteotomy? An Acoustic Study in Cleft Lip and Palate

Understanding of Speech Production in Cleft Lip/Palate

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