Speech communication antecedents of perceived confirmation

The Effect of Teacher Confirmation on Student Communication and Learning Outcomes

“…is related positively to perceived confirmation (Cissna & Keating, 1979). Confirmation also is important for maintaining marital satisfaction.…”

Co-constructing Student Involvement: An Examination of Teacher Confirmation and Student-to-Student Connectedness in the College Classroom

“…Confirming and disconfirming responses help to create a communication climate, setting the emotional tone between interactants (Cissna & Sieburg, 1981). Indeed our self-concept as worthwhile and valuable individuals is often based on both confirming and disconfirming messages we receive from others around us (Cissna and Keating, 1979).…”

Direct and mediated effects of perceived father criticism and sarcasm on females' perceptions of relational partners' disconfirming behavior

“…Sieburg's (1973) Perceived Confirmation Scale (PCS) was used to measure the extent to which male participants felt confirmed by their fathers. Previous studies provide support for the validity of the instrument (see Cissna & Keating, 1979). The items, which presented seven-step Likert-type response formats, were: My father is aware of me; My father isn't at all interested in what I have to say; My father accepts me; My father has no respect for me at all; My father dislikes me; and My father trusts me.…”

“…The rationale for examining son perceived criticism and sarcasm from father as exogenous variables in the context of the present study resides in the emerging men's literature, confirmation theory (Cissna, 1976;Cissna & Keating, 1979;Cissna & Sieburg, 1981;Sieburg, 1973;Watzlawick, Beavin, & Jackson, 1967), and identification principles (Mischel, 1976) derived from social learning theory (Bandura, 1971).…”