Speech and silence behavior in clinical psychotherapy and its laboratory correlates.

Matarazzo, Joseph D.; Wiens, Arthur N.; Matarazzo, Ruth G.; Saslow, George

doi:10.1037/10546-017

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Mimicking others probably plays an important role in speech development (Abravanel & Sigafoos, 1984; Abravanel & DeYong, 1991) and adult humans adapt their speech behaviors to others in their environment, including speech rate and utterance length (Matarazzo, Weins, Matarazzo, & Saslow, 1968; Webb, 1972; Cappella & Planalp, 1972). Given that speech entrainment elicits fluent speech production in some aphasic patients whereas the same effect is not seen in actual speech repetition, it is clear that the real-time synchrony between the speech model and the entrained speaker is crucial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech entrainment compensates for Broca's area damage

Fridriksson

Basilakos

Hickok

et al. 2015

Cortex

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Speech entrainment (SE), the online mimicking of an audiovisual speech model, has been shown to increase speech fluency in patients with Broca's aphasia. However, not all individuals with aphasia benefit from SE. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of cortical damage that predict a positive response SE's fluency-inducing effects. Forty-four chronic patients with left hemisphere stroke (15 female) were included in this study. Participants completed two tasks: 1) spontaneous speech production, and 2) audiovisual SE. Number of different words per minute was calculated as a speech output measure for each task, with the difference between SE and spontaneous speech conditions yielding a measure of fluency improvement. Voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) was used to relate the number of different words per minute for spontaneous speech, SE, and SE-related improvement to patterns of brain damage in order to predict lesion locations associated with the fluency-inducing response to speech entrainment. Individuals with Broca's aphasia demonstrated a significant increase in different words per minute during speech entrainment versus spontaneous speech. A similar pattern of improvement was not seen in patients with other types of aphasia. VLSM analysis revealed damage to the inferior frontal gyrus predicted this response. Results suggest that SE exerts its fluency-inducing effects by providing a surrogate target for speech production via internal monitoring processes. Clinically, these results add further support for the use of speech entrainment to improve speech production and may help select patients for speech entrainment treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech entrainment compensates for Broca's area damage

Fridriksson

Basilakos

Hickok

et al. 2015

Cortex

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“…When speaking, conversants typically use more illustrative gestures than they do when listening (Duncan & Fiske, 1977). The evidence of turn duration compensation is a common finding in interviews (Matarazzo, Wiens, Matarazzo, & Saslow, 1986; and conversation (Street & Murphy, 1987) and is likely due to the cyclical nature of floor-holdings as speakers exchange periods of being the dominant speaker. For example, during the first part of the medical interview, the patient may exhibit relatively long speaking turns and frequent gestures (e.g., explaining the problem) while the physician acts as a facilitator-listener.…”

Section: General Trendsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Patients' Characteristics Affecting Physician-Patient Nonverbal Communication

Street

Buller

1988

Human Comm Res

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Previous research has reported that nonverbal elements of physician-patient communication influence medical outcomes such as patients' understanding, compliance, and satisfaction with health care delivery. This investigation examined the impact of various patients' characteristics (age, sex, education, anxiety, and relational history with the physician) on patterns of nonverbal communication exhibited in 41 physician-patient interactions at afarnily practice clinic. Several findings were noteworthy. First, although they were relatively consistent in their nonverbal responses to diflerentpatients, physiciansgenerally reciprocated patient's adjustments in response latency, pauses during speaking turns, body orientation, and interruptions and compensated patient's modifications in turn duration and gestural rates. Second, physicians nonverbally interacted with patients over 30 years of age in a less domineering and more responsive fashion (e.g., comparable turn durations, more vocal back-channels, and more nonverbal behavior reciprocity) than they did when conversing with patients under 30. Third, physicians appeared responsive to patients experiencing various degrees of anxiety. Specifically, relative to their interactions with less worried patients, physicians used less task touch with anxious patients and to a greater degree compensated the womed patients'nonverbal responses. Finally, the patients'sex, education, and visit (i.e., first versus repeat) hadlittle impact on the structure of physician-patient nonverbal exchanges. ffective communication between health care providers and patients is critical to the success of health care delivery E systems (Kreps, 1981). This assumption has undergirded RichardL. Street, Jr.

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“…Modifications may occur at any linguistic level, including language complexity (as when people simplify their language when speaking to babies or foreigners [10]), politeness [5], accent [11], and choice of language [13]. Especially relevant to the present study, speakers have also been found to accommodate to one another in extra-linguistic behaviors such as utterance length [24], speech rate [31], pause length [18], and response latency [8].…”

Section: Accommodationmentioning

confidence: 99%