Spectrum-specific encephalography standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography network and gray matter correlations in vascular dementia patients

Abstract

Vascular dementia, secondary to Alzheimer’s dementia, ranks as one of the most frequent dementia types. The process of vascular dementia is divergent with other neurodegenerative dementias and thus reversible at the early cognitive disorder or mild dementia stages. The encephalography and neuroimaging data mining at different stages would bring neuromodulation strategies in practice; 15 mild cognitive impairment patients and 16 mild vascular dementia patients as well as 17 cognitive healthy controls were screened in this study. Cognitive tests such as Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal cognitive assessment, voxel-based morphometry, electroencephalography, and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography connectivity network were conducted. Compared with healthy group, voxel-based morphometry analysis showed a decrease in gray/cerebrospinal fluid ratio ( p < .05) in mild dementia group; the energy power of gamma band decreased ( p < .05) in mild dementia group; and electroencephalography standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis showed wider frontal and temporal lobe involvement in mild dementia patients ( p < .05). Network topological analysis screened top 10 key Brodmann areas (44R, 7R, 8L, 22L, 47L, 27L, 1L, 1R, 7R, 43L), which could be underlying neuromodulators for dementia patients. Electroencephalography as well as structural magnetic resonance imaging could be used for the evaluation of cognitive disorder patients. The spectrum-specific standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis and connectivity network analysis could shed light on the neuromodulator targets in the early phase of dementia.

EEG measures for clinical research in major vascular cognitive impairment: recommendations by an expert panel

“…Concerning the specificity of EEG interrelatedness measures, Sloan et al (1994) showed no significant differences in rsEEG spectral coherence between ADD vs. major VCI (MID) patients with reduced regional cortical blood flow. Lv et al (2020) reported decreased gamma-band connectivity in mild major VCI group compared with an age-matched CU group.…”

“…Partanen et al (1997) reported reduced alpha amplitude ratio between eyes closed and eyes open condition in major VCI patients as compared to age-matched CU persons. Loring et al (1985) reported a decrease in 40 Hz activity at rest in major VCI (MID) patients compared to age-matched CU persons, whereas Lv et al (2020) showed an increase of power of gamma for the same comparison.…”

“…The studies regarding the relation between ERPs and risk factors for VCI are scarce. In this vein, Mecklinger et al (2006) examined the relationship between the integrity of cerebrovascular (2004 , 2012 ); Neto et al (2015) ; Muresanu et al (2008Muresanu et al ( , 2010; Partanen et al (1997) ; Saletu et al (1991Saletu et al ( , 1992Saletu et al ( , 1995; Signorino et al (1995Signorino et al ( , 1996 Slowing of alpha frequency and higher EEG mean frequency Higher theta (eyes closed) and alpha 2 power Lower delta and theta (eyes open) power Less beta activity Increased in power asymmetry in delta/theta Widespread increase in theta power Higher alpha/delta plus theta power Higher ratio occipital/frontal alpha power Higher (delta + theta)/ (alpha + beta) ratio Babiloni et al (2004a) ; Gawel et al (2007Gawel et al ( , 2009; Martin-Loeches et al (1991) ; Moretti et al, (2004) ; Saletu et al (1991Saletu et al ( , 1992 Leuchter et al (1987Leuchter et al ( , 1992Leuchter et al ( , 1994a; Lv et al (2020) ; microcirculation and ERPs in a nonclinical group of participants with arterial hypertension. The authors reported that latencies of the P3a and the P300 showed a reliable correlation with the measures of vascular pathology.…”