Spectrum-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence to Multiplex the Immunoassay and DNA Probe Assay

Abstract

The investigation on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) multiplexing bioassays mainly focuses on simultaneously detecting either proteins or nucleic acids. To overcome the limitation of a short waveband for spectrum-resolved ECL multiplexing bioassays, herein, a highly monochromatic (FWHM <40 nm) and bandgap-engineered ECL luminophore, that is, mercaptopropionic acid-capped and Zn2+-mediated aggregation-induced emission (AIE) assembly of Au nanocrystals (NCs) (Zn2+-AIE-AuNCs), of strong emission and the maximum emission wavelength at 485 nm is developed. The highly monochromatic and bandgap-engineered ECL (485 nm) of Zn2+-AIE-AuNCs can multiplex with the single-waveband and surface-defect-involved ECL (775 nm) of dual-stabilizer-capped CuInS2@ZnS NCs (CIS@ZnS-NCs), enabling a spectrum-resolved ECL multiplexing strategy with different NCs luminophores of a similar particle size as tags. This ECL multiplexing strategy can be utilized to simultaneously detect antigen and DNA probe together without any additional signal amplification procedure and obvious spectroscopic cross-talk, in which the highly monochromatic ECL from Zn2+-AIE-AuNCs is utilized to dynamically determine human carcinoembryonic antigen from 1 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 pg/mL, while the single-waveband ECL from CIS@ZnS-NCs is employed to linearly detect wild-type p53 from 1 pM to 50 nM with a LOD of 0.5 pM. The ECL immunoassay of the proposed strategy is free from the interference of the synchronously conducted DNA probe assay and vice versa, which would open an avenue to couple the immunoassay and DNA probe assay together for clinical colon and breast cancer identification.

Supramolecular assembly-induced electrochemiluminescence enhancement of gold nanoclusters for hemoglobin detection

“…Therefore, improving the efficiency and stability of Au NCs is of central importance in both fundamental research and practical applications. 30,31 The formation of rigid supramolecular structures via host-guest recognition by ligands is an effective method for improving the ECL performance of Au NCs. [32][33][34] Herein, a rigid supramolecular structure of Au NCs was prepared based on host-guest recognition between the ligands of 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine (MTU) and L-arginine (Arg) with the aim of ECL enhancement of Au NCs.…”

“…Therefore, improving the efficiency and stability of Au NCs is of central importance in both fundamental research and practical applications. 30,31 The formation of rigid supramolecular structures via host–guest recognition by ligands is an effective method for improving the ECL performance of Au NCs. 32–34…”

Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor to Detect Ampicillin Resistance Gene (ARGAMP) Based on a Novel Near-Infrared Ruthenium Carbene Complex/TPrA/PEI Ternary ECL System

“…1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO), δ (ppm): 8.74 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (dddd, J = 17.2, 13.0, 12.2, 5.9 Hz, 3 H), 7.93−7.86 (m, 1 H), 7.80 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.73−7.59 (m, 1 H), 7.59−7.50 (m, 1 H), 7.49−7.21 (m, 3 H), 7.05−6.94 (m, 1 H), 6.87 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.75−6.60 (m, 2 H), 6.52 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.27−6.11 (m, 1 H), 3.15 (dd, J = 11.5, 4.7 Hz, 2 H). 13 Synthesis of ECL-Probe. The ECL-probe was synthesized following the established protocol described in the literature.…”

“…In recent years, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology has received considerable attention owing to its free external light sources, low background, rapid analysis, and miniaturization . As a powerful bioanalytical technique, ECL has demonstrated exceptional analytical performance for the detection of biomarkers at trace levels. , Apart from the traditional applications, such as amino acids, proteins, cells, metal ions, and other small molecules, their valuation in resistance genes remains largely unexplored so far. Very recently, Liu et al reported an ECL biosensing platform to sensitively detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance genes based on CdS quantum dots .…”

Silver Nanocluster-Tagged Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay with a Sole and Narrow Triggering Potential Window

“…Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), a powerful optical technology of low background noise, wide dynamic range, and high sensitivity, − is being widely used for immunoassays , and DNA probe analyses. , An ECL assay is conducted in either a total-photon-collected − or a wavelength-resolved way. − The wavelength-resolved ECL is normally conducted with area array detectors, , such as charge-coupled devices , and complementary metal-oxide semiconductors. , Although the dispersion of ECL can enable multiple immunoassays without spectral cross-talk, , the ECL photons at a given wavelength are much less than the total ECL photons. From this point, the commercialized ECL immunoassay is normally conducted in a total-photon-collected way with a photomultiplier tube as a detector. , …”