Spectrum of shoulder injuries in the baseball pitcher

Ouellette, Hugue A.; Labis, John Scott; Bredella, Miriam A.; Palmer, William E.; Sheah, Kenneth; Torriani, Martin

doi:10.1007/s00256-007-0389-0

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Degenerative change [9], hypovascularity [10], and micro-structural collagen fibre abnormalities [11] are recognized as the intrinsic factors, and subacromial impingement [12,13], tensile overload [14], and the repetitive use [15] are recognized as the extrinsic factors. Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a high acromion index predict rotator cuff tears?

Kim

Ryu

Hong

et al. 2012

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between an acromion index (AI) and the size of a rotator cuff tear. The hypothesis of our study was that an AI will be higher in patients with a full-thickness tear than in patients with a partial-thickness articular-side tear, and that it can be used as a predictor for the size of a rotator cuff tear. Methods We included 284 patients who had been diagnosed with rotator cuff tears and had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at our institute. All patients were divided into five distinct groups (partial-thickness articular side tear, and four subgroups of full-thickness tears) depending on the size of the rotator cuff tear on arthroscopy. In each patient, an AI was measured on the pre-operative oblique coronal MR images and then analysed to determine the difference between groups. Results There were statistically significant differences between the partial-thickness articular side rotator cuff tear and large-tomassive rotator cuff tear groups (p<0.01), and the mean value of an AI was highest in the large-sized full-thickness tear group. The AI of the partial-thickness articular-side rotator cuff tear group was statistically different from the large-to-massive rotator cuff tear groups. ConclusionsThe AI can be a predictor which can differentiate a partial-thickness articular-side tear and a large-to-massive rotator cuff tear pre-operatively. However the AI could not provide useful guidance on predicting the differences in tear size in full-thickness tear patients. We suggest that a high AI can be one of the associated factors for progression to large-to-massive rotator cuff tears in a rotator cuff disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a high acromion index predict rotator cuff tears?

Kim

Ryu

Hong

et al. 2012

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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“…Intrinsic factors include degenerative change [23], hypovascularity [6], and microstructural collagen fiber abnormalities [18]. Recognized extrinsic factors include subacromial impingement [2,25], tensile overload [11], and repetitive use [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and Clinical Significance of Acromial Spur in Rotator Cuff Tear: Heel-type Spur and Rotator Cuff Tear

Kim

Lee

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Acromial spurs reportedly relate to the impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tears. We classified the morphologic characteristics of the acromion (shape and thickness) and acromial spurs and determined whether they correlated with rotator cuff tears. We measured acromial shape and thickness using simple radiography and MR arthrography or CT arthrography in 106 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears and in 102 patients without tears. Acromial spurs could be classified morphologically into six types: heel, lateral/anterior traction, lateral/anterior bird beak, and medial. We found acromial spurs in 142 of the 208 patients (68%), and their incidence increased with age. The acromial spur was more common in the cuff tear group. The heel type was most common and detected in 59 patients (56%) in the cuff tear group and in 36 patients (35%) in the control group. The flat acromion was more common (60%) than curved and hooked acromion; however, there was no major difference between acromial shape and cuff tear. The mean acromial thickness was 8.0 mm, and the cuff tear group had thicker acromion. These data suggest acromial spurs can be classified according to the distinct morphology, and the most common heel-type spur might be a risk factor for full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

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“…This allows for further external rotation by increasing the clearance for the greater tuberosity and also prevents direct internal impingement of the posterosuperior labrum/rotator cuff. Furthermore if this Glenohumeral Internal Rotator, in Athletes with Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit biomechanics is altered, anterior capsular laxity and loss of glenohumeral internal rotation in abduction occur, resulting in a thrower's "dead-arm" (Hugue Ouellette et al, 2007). In one the study Burkhart et al believed that athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit exhibit a posterosuperior shift increasing contact among the humeral head, labrum, and rotator cuff in the late cocking phase of the throwing shoulder (Robert C Manske RC, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Muscle Energy Technique in Increasing Range of Motion and Strength of Glenohumeral Internal Rotator, in Athletes with Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit

Sehgal¹

2016

AJSS

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Abstract:Study design: Randomized control trial. Objective: To measure the effect muscle energy technique(MET) for the glenohumeral joint external rotators to improve the range of motion and strength of internal rotators in athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). Background: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit is one of the leading causes of impairments in overhead throwing athletes. Anatomical GIRD is though considered to be normal in overhead athletes but it may further lead to osseous and capsuloligamentous changes in the glenohumeral joint if not treated. The muscle energy technique protocol aimed at improving the range of motion and strength of the internal rotators of the glenohumeral joint. It has been hypothesized that MET will increase the glenohumeral internal rotation ROM and strength in athletes with GIRD. Methods: thirty overhead athletes were conveniently assigned in two groups. MET for glenohumeral joint external rotators (n=15) and stretching for glenohumeral joint external rotators (n=15). We measured the range of motion of glenohumeral joint internal rotation and strength of glenohumeral joint internal rotators, of the dominant shoulder at 0 day, 1 st week and 2 nd week. At the end of 2 nd week data analysis was done using one way ANOVA and post hoc tukey's test and significant results were found. (p < 0.05). Results: The group treated with MET for the external rotators had a significant increase in internal rotation at the end of 2 nd week. The group treated with stretching for external rotators do not showed a significant increase in internal rotation. Conclusion: It is concluded that MET is an effective treatment for increasing the ROM and strength of internal rotation at the glenohumeral joint in asymptomatic overhead athletes. Therefore application of MET for the external rotators may be useful for increasing the ROM as well as strength in overhead athletes.

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Spectrum of shoulder injuries in the baseball pitcher

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Can a high acromion index predict rotator cuff tears?

Can a high acromion index predict rotator cuff tears?

Classification and Clinical Significance of Acromial Spur in Rotator Cuff Tear: Heel-type Spur and Rotator Cuff Tear

Effects of Muscle Energy Technique in Increasing Range of Motion and Strength of Glenohumeral Internal Rotator, in Athletes with Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit

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