Spectrum of positional deformities – Is there a real difference between plagiocephaly and brachycephaly?

Meyer-Marcotty, Philipp; Böhm, Hartmut; Linz, Christian; Kochel, Janka; Blecher, Christoph; Keil, Nina; Stellzig‐Eisenhauer, Angelika; Schweitzer, Tilmann

doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2014.01.026

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Also, the dichotomy of DP and DB can be discussed. Meyer-Marcotty et al suggested using a continuum rather than differentiating between the presence or absence of skull deformation, because of the overlapping criteria of DP and DB [28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The course of skull deformation from birth to 5 years of age: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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In a continuation of a prospective longitudinal cohort study in a healthy population on the course of skull shape from birth to 24 months, at 5 years of age, 248 children participated in a follow-up assessment using plagiocephalometry (ODDI—oblique diameter difference index, CPI—cranio proportional index). Data from the original study sampled at birth, 7 weeks, 6, 12, and 24 months were used in two linear mixed models. Main findings: (1) if deformational plagiocephaly (ODDI <104%) and/or positional preference at 7 weeks of age are absent, normal skull shape can be predicted at 5 years of age; (2) if positional preference occurs, ODDI is the highest at 7 weeks and decreases to a stable lowest value at 2 and 5 years of age; and (3) regarding brachycephaly, all children showed the highest CPI at 6 months of age with a gradual decrease over time. Conclusion: The course of skull deformation is favourable in most of the children in The Netherlands; at 5 years of age, brachycephaly is within the normal range for all children, whereas the severity of plagiocephaly is within the normal range in 80%, within the mild range in 19%, and within the moderate/severe range in 1%. Medical consumption may be reduced by providing early tailored counselling. What is Known: • Skull deformation prevalence increased after recommendations against Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, little is known about the longitudinal course. • Paediatric physical therapy intervention between 2 and 6 months of age reduces deformational plagiocephaly at 6 and 12 months of age. What is New: • The course of skull deformation is favourable in most of the children in The Netherlands; at 5 years of age, deformational brachycephaly is within the normal range for all children, whereas the severity of deformational plagiocephaly is within the normal range in 80%, within the mild range in 19%, and within the moderate to severe range in only 1%. • Paediatric physical therapy intervention does not influence the long-term outcome; it only influences the earlier decrease of the severity of deformational plagiocephaly. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00431-016-2800-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The course of skull deformation from birth to 5 years of age: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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“…This skull deformation can occur as unilateral occipital flattening (plagiocephaly) or symmetrical occipital flattening (brachycephaly) (Meyer‐Marcotty et al . ), herein referred to simply as plagiocephaly. Moderate to severe cases are accompanied by facial asymmetries of eyes and ears (van Ilk et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since this campaign, the prevalence of positional skull deformation has risen exponentially in developed countries, affecting approximately 20% of infants and is now the most common reason for referral to many craniofacial centres (Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, 2011). This skull deformation can occur as unilateral occipital flattening (plagiocephaly) or symmetrical occipital flattening (brachycephaly) (Meyer-Marcotty et al 2014), herein referred to simply as plagiocephaly. Moderate to severe cases are accompanied by facial asymmetries of eyes and ears (van Ilk et al 2014), understandably causing additional parental concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positional plagiocephaly reduces parental adherence to SIDS Guidelines and inundates the health system

Martiniuk

Jacob

Faruqui

et al. 2016

Child

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There is a need to re-emphasize sudden infant death syndrome guidelines for families when they present with an infant with plagiocephaly. Stronger messaging regarding the lack of safety of current pillows marketed to prevent flat head may be useful to decrease their use. Increasing education for all health professionals including general practitioners, allied health and complementary health providers and standardizing assessment and referral criteria may allow the majority of diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly to occur at points of first contact (e.g. general practitioners, community nurse) and may prevent further burden on the health care system.

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“…Early splinting with abduction devises may promote preferences for head asymmetries like brachycephaly and plagiocephaly when infants lay on their back in splints for three months. The difference of brachycephaly and plagiocephaly has lately been under discussion as it has been shown that they are very much related or a continuum of each other [7]. Also after "back to sleep" campaign normal CI is shown to increase, and therefore we cannot exactly call our DDH children brachycephalic in general but only in relation to the normal control population of the time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Intrauterine breech presentation and breech delivery have been shown to predispose to increased neonatal hip-joint instability requiring treatment [1][2][3]. Intrauterine constriction not only contributes to the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) but also to head shape asymmetries like plagiocephaly and brachycephaly [4][5][6][7]. Furthermore DDH coexists sometimes with congenital muscular torticollis in infancy [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plagiocephaly after Neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip at School Age

Valkama

Aarnivala

Sato

et al. 2019

JCM

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Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) may require early abduction treatment with infants sleeping on their back for the first few months of life. As sleeping on back is known to cause deformational plagiocephaly, we assessed school age children treated for dislocation or subluxation of the hip-joint in infancy. Plagiocephaly was analyzed by using cephalic index (CI) and oblique cranial length ratio (OCLR) as anthropometric measurements from 2D digital vertex view photographs. Six of the 58 (10.3%) DDH children and only one of the 62 (1.6%) control children had plagiocephaly (p = 0.041). Furthermore, cross bite was found in 14 (24.1%) of the DDH children and in 7 (10.3%) of the control children. Developmental dysplasia of the hip in infancy was associated with cranial asymmetries and malocclusions at school age. Preventive measures should be implemented.Keywords: developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH); plagiocephaly; brachycephaly; cephalic index (CI); oblique cranial length ratio (OCLR); 2D-imaging; cross bite

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Spectrum of positional deformities – Is there a real difference between plagiocephaly and brachycephaly?

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

The course of skull deformation from birth to 5 years of age: a prospective cohort study

The course of skull deformation from birth to 5 years of age: a prospective cohort study

Positional plagiocephaly reduces parental adherence to SIDS Guidelines and inundates the health system

Plagiocephaly after Neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip at School Age

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