Spectrum of neurological manifestations among acute COVID-19 and long COVID-19 – A retrospective observational study

Abstract

Objective. Preliminary clinical data indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with neurological symptoms. To compare the clinical features, imaging and treatments in patients with and without COVID-19. To compare the mortality and in-hospital stay among patients with and without COVID-19 and negative patients. Materials and methods. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all the patients who attended the department of neurology with neurologic symptoms with confirmed COVID-19 and long COVID-19 from June 2020 to January 2021. Data on clinical signs, diagnosis, laboratory findings were collected and analyzed from the records for positive patients and compared with neurologic patients without COVID-19 admitted in the same period. Statistical analysis: The mean values between study groups were compared using an independent sample t-test and Mann Whitney u test. Categorical outcomes were compared using the Chi square test. Data was analyzed using coGuide software. Results. Headache was the common neurologic manifestation present in COVID positive patients compared to COVID negative patients (39.13%). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in baseline parameters. Laboratory parameters like CRP, Serum Ferritin, LDH, D-dimer, ESR, and IL-6 showed a significant increase in COVID positive patients (P <0.05). In-hospital mortality was more in COVID positive patients than COVID negative patients (P <0.011). Conclusion. The study showed varied neurologic symptoms in COVID patients, with headache as the common symptom. Hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and inflammatory parameters were more in COVID positive patients compared to COVID negative patients.

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

“…Furthermore, an additional 5 articles were excluded because of the lack of clear, extractable data. Consequently, a total of 82 studies were ultimately selected for the meta-analysis, adhering to our established inclusion and exclusion guidelines (Townsend, Dyer et al 2020, Ahearn-Ford, Lunjani et al 2021, Aparisi, Ybarra-Falcón et al 2021, Colarusso, Maglio et al 2021, Gameil, Marzouk et al 2021, Loretelli, Abdelsalam et al 2021, Montefusco, Ben Nasr et al 2021, Ong, Fong et al 2021, Patterson, Guevara-Coto et al 2021, Peluso, Lu et al 2021, Soni, Soni et al 2021, Sun, Tang et al 2021, Taha, Samaan et al 2021, Utrero-Rico, González-Cuadrado et al 2021, Wallis, Heiden et al 2021, Wu, Deng et al 2021, Acosta-Ampudia, Monsalve et al 2022, Alfadda, Rafiullah et al 2022, Aparisi, Ybarra-Falcón et al 2022, Arslan, Aksakal et al 2022, Cervia, Zurbuchen et al 2022, Corrêa, Deus et al 2022, Díaz-Salazar, Navas et al 2022, Dugani, Mehta et al 2022, Durstenfeld, Peluso et al 2022, Elizabeth, Thomas et al 2022, Fan, Wong et al 2022, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, Ryan-Murua et al 2022, Ferrando, Dornbush et al 2022, Flaskamp, Roubal et al 2022, Fogarty, Ward et al 2022, García-Abellán, Fernández et al 2022, Johannes, Andrea et al 2022, Kruger, Vlok et al 2022, Littlefield, Watson et al 2022, Magdy, Eid et al 2022, Martone, Tosato et al 2022, Meisinger, Goßlau et al 2022, Meltendorf, Vogel et al 2022, Nádasdi, Sinkovits et al 2022, Patel, Knauer et al 2022, Patra and Ray 2022, Peluso, Sans et al 2022, Petrella, Nenna et al 2022, Phetsouphanh, Darley et al 2022, Queiroz, Neves et al 2022, Saxena, Saxena et al 2022, Schultheiß, Willscher et al 2022, Sibila, Perea et al 2022, Simone, Caitlin et al 2022, Stavileci, Özdemir et al 2022, Taeschler, Adamo et al 2022, Wechsler, Butuci et al 2022, Wiech, Chroscicki et al 2022, Zhao, Schank et al 2022, Al-Hakeim, Abed et al 2023, Al-Hakeim, Al-Rubaye et al 2023, Al-Hakeim, Al-Rubaye et...…”