Spectrum of ECHO Virus 1 Disease in a Young Diabetic

Schleissner, Leopold A.; Portnoy, Bernard

doi:10.1378/chest.63.3.457

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…We have now examined how the human pathogen echovirus 1 (EV1) (8) enters Caco-2 cells, a human colon cancer cell line that serves as an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium (9). We find that EV1 binds its receptor, VLA-2, on the apical cell surface and then rapidly enters polarized Caco-2 cells by a mechanism that does not involve clathrin or caveolin but which instead shows many features characteristic of macropinocytosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Echovirus 1 Entry into Polarized Caco-2 Cells Depends on Dynamin, Cholesterol, and Cellular Factors Associated with Macropinocytosis

Krieger

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2013

J Virol

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c Enteroviruses invade their hosts by crossing the intestinal epithelium. We have examined the mechanism by which echovirus 1 (EV1) enters polarized intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Virus binds to VLA-2 on the apical cell surface and moves rapidly to early endosomes. Using inhibitory drugs, dominant negative mutants, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to block specific endocytic pathways, we found that virus entry requires dynamin GTPase and membrane cholesterol but is independent of both clathrin-and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Instead, infection requires factors commonly associated with macropinocytosis, including amiloride-sensitive Na ؉ /H ؉ exchange, protein kinase C, and C-terminal-binding protein-1 (CtBP1); furthermore, EV1 accumulates rapidly in intracellular vesicles with dextran, a fluid-phase marker. These results suggest a role for macropinocytosis in the process by which EV1 enters polarized cells to initiate infection.

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confidence: 99%

Echovirus 1 Entry into Polarized Caco-2 Cells Depends on Dynamin, Cholesterol, and Cellular Factors Associated with Macropinocytosis

Krieger

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2013

J Virol

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Zoster-like Eruption due to Echovirus 6

Meade¹

1979

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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\s=b\A unilateral vesiculobullous eruption associated with fever was seen on the neck, shoulder, and upper part of the chest of a 7-year-old boy. Although three dermatomes in all were involved, the lesions resembled herpes zoster. The patient had had varicella in infancy. Culture of fluid from several bullae yielded echovirus 6; however, and serum neutralizing antibody to this virus rose in titer from 1:32 to 1: 640.It is suggested that echovirus 6 and other enteroviruses may cause a number of vesicular eruptions that resemble herpes zoster and similar infections. Viral culture, while often difficult to obtain, is the only way to identify the cause of eruptions like this one. (Am J Dis Child 133:283-284, 1979) A 7-year-old boy was seen recently with a unilateral vesiculobullous eruption of his neck and shoulder that looked very much like herpes zoster. Because of certain unusual character¬ istics, fluid from several bullae was collected and cultured. To our great surprise, echovirus type 6 was recov¬ ered. The development of high titers of neutralizing antibody in his serum confirmed the role of this virus in the production of his zoster-like eruption. The association of echovirus infection with a skin eruption resembling herpes zoster has not been described, to our knowledge, though many other types of skin lesions have been reported. This case is reported as an example of a new variety of echovirus infection discovered because virus isolation was carried out to confirm a mistaken clinical impression. It is possible that other cases have been seen but not identified and we hope that this communication will stimulate others to obtain virus cultures from patients with atypical examples of herpes zoster infection. MATERIALS AND METHODSBullous fluid was aspirated in a tubercu¬ lin syringe from unbroken lesions and inoculated directly into WI-38 cell culture in the examining room. Cultures were incu¬ bated at 35°C. Antiserums included polio¬ myelitis types 1 to 3, coxsackieviruses A9 to A16 and Bl to B6, and echoviruses 1 to 26. Vaccinia and herpes simplex were used to neutralize viral cytopathic effects to identify the agent grown.Culture of the biopsy specimen of the skin lesion was performed by dicing and grinding the biopsy specimen in Hank's solution. This was centrifuged for ten minutes at 1,000 rpm. The supernatant was inoculated into WI-38 cell culture media.Cocultivation was not attempted.A serum sample, obtained two weeks after the onset of the disease, was fraction¬ ated. A total of 0.5 ml of serum was added to 1.0M of Mg Cl, and 5,000 units of heparin sodium. It was shaken for one minute, refrigerated for 15 minutes with frequent shaking, and finally centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for ten minutes. The supernatant was loaded on a 1 50-cm column with 0.5M agarose in tris buffer át a pH of 7.5. The effluent was collected in 1-ml samples, and the optical density at 280 nui was deter¬ mined in each of the first 40 fractions.Sample numbers 20, 24, 25, 27, and 28 were tested for IgM, IgA, and IgG content using immunof...

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Regional administration of oncolytic Echovirus 1 as a novel therapy for the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer

Haley

Carlton

et al. 2009

J Mol Med

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The dissemination of malignant gastric cells to the peritoneum occurs frequently, usually as an early event in disease, and results in poor patient prognosis. Surgery and chemotherapy offer limited therapeutic success. The low-pathogenic human enterovirus, Echovirus 1 (EV1), is an oncolytic virus that selectively targets and destroys malignant prostate and ovarian cancer xenografts in vivo. Lytic EV1 infection requires the cell surface expression of alpha(2)beta(1), an integrin involved in the dissemination of gastric cancer cells to the peritoneum. Herein, we evaluated the capacity of EV1 for anti-neoplastic cell action in gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that alpha(2)beta(1) was abundantly surface expressed on a panel of gastric cancer cell lines, rendering the majority of lines highly susceptible to in vitro lytic EV1 infection and supportive of efficient viral progeny production. A bioluminescent MKN-45-Luc SCID mouse model of peritoneal dissemination was developed to allow real-time non-invasive monitoring of peritoneal tumor burden. Employing this mouse model, we demonstrated a therapeutic dose-response for escalating oncolytic EV1 doses. Taken together, these results emphasize the exciting potential for EV1 as a single or adjunct therapy for the control of the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer.

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Spectrum of ECHO Virus 1 Disease in a Young Diabetic

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Echovirus 1 Entry into Polarized Caco-2 Cells Depends on Dynamin, Cholesterol, and Cellular Factors Associated with Macropinocytosis

Echovirus 1 Entry into Polarized Caco-2 Cells Depends on Dynamin, Cholesterol, and Cellular Factors Associated with Macropinocytosis

Zoster-like Eruption due to Echovirus 6

Regional administration of oncolytic Echovirus 1 as a novel therapy for the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer

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