Spectrum of congenital heart disease in a tertiary care centre of Northern India

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is very common disease and it is the major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. Not much of Indian data are available particularly from the northern part of the country. It is important to mention that this part of India is unique with respect to its demographic and geographical location. There are needs to further explicate the spectrum and epidemiology of the CHD in this part of the country.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study carried out over a period of 24 months (January 2016 to January 2018) where all suspected children (<14 years) of CHD were subjected to echocardiographic study. The age, sex, clinical presentation and echo findings were well documented.Results: Out of total 3210 cases CHD was diagnosed in 2072 cases (64.54%). Most CHDs were diagnosed between 1 month and 6 years of age in both cyanotic and a cyanotic disease group. Incidence of a cyanotic CHD was n=1529 (47.6%) and cyanotic CHD was n=543 (17%) with the ratio of acyanotic to cyanotic 2.8:1. Ventricular septal defect was commonest CHD (35.85%) among acyanotic CHD and Tetralogy of Fallot was the commonest (12.2%) among cyanotic CHD.Conclusions: Burden of CHD is highly underestimated and unrecognised, especially in this part of the country. This study can provide observed data that can help in policy making in the health sector. The contrasting result with respect to complex CHD in present study indicates need for good and effective antenatal cardiac screening in high risk mothers.

The Spectrum of Congenital Heart Diseases Operated at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center in the last 5 Years.

“…14 We included all form of AVSD in one category. Incidence of AVSD in our study was double that of an Indian study (2.7%), 11 which also did not categorize the type of AVSD. Pakistani study with prevalence of AVSD (10.3%), 10 included only complete type of AVSD.…”

“…10 The study done by Mir AB et al, at tertiary care center of north India (study population <14 years of age) showed male 60% and female 40% with male dominance. 11 In contradictory population based Chinese study (0-18 years included), about spectrum of CHD, the girl population (56.3%) dominated the male population (43.8%). 12 Our study is a hospital-based study.…”

Study the universal critical congenital heart disease screening in a peripheral area of Uttarakhand, India

“…The lower incidence rate of AVSD is attributed that AVSD is usually associated with triosomy 21 and higher attrition rate of children with triosomy may lead to lower incidence of AVSD. 20 In present study the most common cyanotic CHD was tetralogy of Fallot 55.6% followed by DORV in 22.2% cases. This finding is comparable with the similar study done by Patra S et al and compared to low to the similar study done by Abqari S et al 22,18 This low incidence can be explained as authors have included only classical TOF and the other variants of VSD PS physiology are grouped separately.…”

“…Moreover, this could be the reason for less female child seeking the health-care facilities. 20 In the present study, incidence of cyanotic CHD was 26.5% and acyanotic CHDs was 73.5%. Ventricular septal defect (44%) was the most common CHD found in present study.…”

“…Furthermore, the antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects is still in infancy in this region, with very small percentage of pregnant ladies going for fetal echocardiography. 20 For health education and reinforcement, all the parents of screened children were provided with verbal and printed leaflet detailing the screening program and the significant abnormal symptoms and signs of CCHD. If any abnormal symptoms and signs noted, looking for medical service as soon as possible is suggested.…”