Spectrum of climatic variations and their causal mechanisms

Berger, A.

doi:10.1007/bf01449756

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…We suggest that timeseries analysis of other long geological records are needed, as well as the traditional geological approach of improving the quality of the narrative. As noted by Berger (1979) the climate spectrum can probably be fully understood only by taking into account both external forcing and nonlinear interactions between the components of the climate system. Recent modeling studies have made advances in this direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ? 18O spectrum of oceanic deep water over a five-decade band

Shackleton

Imbrie

1990

Climatic Change

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We have examined the climatic variance in a series of deep-water oxygen-isotope records which range in length from 0.3 to 130 milfion years and have temporal resolutions between one thousand and 10 million years. These variations in 6 tsO are interpreted as a generalized index of temperature change in high latitudes. Over five frequency decades the relation between log (variance density) and log (frequency) is approximately linear with a slope between -1 and -1.5. This relationship is interpreted as a background continuum of the sort postulated by Mitchell (1976) in which the spectrum is built up by layers of variance representing contributions from various processes acting within the climate system on different time scales. Our observed continuum slope is much steeper than that visualized by Mitchell. Additional variance is distributed at periods longer than about 3 million years, where it probably originates from forcing by tectonic processes; and at periods between 20,000 and 100,000 years where the Milankovitch forcing operates. Between these two regions there is a clear variance minimum which we predict will appear in the spectrum of other geological variables that are controlled by climate.A broad-band concentration of variance at periods near 30 My rises well above the background. Another concentration occurs at frequencies too low to be estimated accurately from our data. We assume this is a climatic response to the -400 My cycle of continental fragmentation and assembly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ? 18O spectrum of oceanic deep water over a five-decade band

Shackleton

Imbrie

1990

Climatic Change

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“…time-series of calculated values of the orbital parameters. Our orbital forcing calculations follow the work of Berger [1977Berger [ , 1978Berger [ , 1979 9-3.4, 3.2-2.9, and 2.7-2.5 my. These intervals would likely be regarded as part of one or more high-stand systems tracts.…”

Section: Statistical Model Based Upon the Last 700000 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital forcing of low‐frequency glacioeustasy

Matthews¹,

Frohlich²

1991

J. Geophys. Res.

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The role of orbital forcing in glacioeustasy has long presented a major problem regarding the reconciliation of data‐oriented seismic sequence stratigraphy with process‐oriented dynamic stratigraphy. Dynamic stratigraphy commonly cites orbital forcing periods of approximately 20,000 years (precession), 40,000 years (tilt), and 100,000 years (eccentricity) which are too fine scale to be resolved consistently by seismic sequence stratigraphy. Seismic sequence stratigraphy consistently identifies seemingly eustatic events on a scale of millions of years which have no heretofore easily identifiable causal mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a geologic mechanism and realistic quantitative construct to explain how Antarctic ice volume varies as a function of orbital forcing in the Tertiary. We demonstrate that this mechanism, which has a nonlinear response to long‐period modulation of the orbital forcing time series, can produce major glacioeustatic events with quasi‐periodicities of the order of 2 m.y. We use a FORTRAN program, STRATA‐various, to construct a two‐dimensional forward model demonstrating that this proposed mechanism can produce a synthetic sequence stratigraphy which bears strong resemblance to the generalizations of seismic sequence stratigraphy. We acknowledge important achievements of seismic sequence stratigraphy. Nevertheless, we propose that the seismic sequence stratigraphy concepts of long‐term and short‐term eustatic curves be replaced by independent estimates of tectonoeustasy and glacioeustasy based upon data sets which are, wherever possible, independent of seismic sequence stratigraphy. Likewise, we propose that qualitative generalizations be replaced with explicit forward models as the targets for model/data convergence.

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“…; Hays et al (1976) and Briskin and Harrel (1980) found sea-surface temperature estimates and oxygen-isotope fluctuations with dominant periods of about 24, 43, and 105 k.y. The periodicities of the Scycles are similar to those attributed to global climatic changes and are not outside the range of the period of the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit (Milankovitch, 1930;Anderson, 1964;Broecker and Van Donk, 1970;Berger, 1977Berger, , 1979.…”

Section: Causes Of Carbonate Fluctuations At Site 502mentioning

confidence: 68%

High-Resolution Carbonate and Quaternary Organic-Carbon Stratigraphies for the Late Neogene and Quaternary from the Western Caribbean and Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Gardner¹

1982

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Concentrations of calcium carbonate and organic carbon were determined in closely spaced samples from two nearly continuous sections of the late Neogene and Quaternary, one from Site 502 in the western Caribbean and the other from Site 503 in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Each section records the past 7.5 m.y. with a sampling interval of approximately every 5 k.y. Both sections show cyclic carbonate concentrations with three classes of dominant periodicities. The longest-period carbonate cycles have periods of 500 to 600 k.y. and appear to be broad-scale oceanic responses. These cycles appear throughout the entire Pacific record but only occur in the 4.0 to 7.5 m.y. interval in the Caribbean record. This difference is probably related to the more active tectonic setting of Site 502 and the oceanic character of Site 503. Intermediate-scale carbonate cycles, S-cycles, occur throughout both records, but the only interval that can be correlated between the two is the 0 to 1.4 m.y. interval. These cycles can also be correlated with records of changes in other Pleistocene sections. The range of periodicities of the S-cycles suggests they are responses to global climatic changes that are in phase with the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit. The smaller-scale carbonate cycles, C-cycles, also occur throughout both records but are difficult to correlate because of the different settings of the two sites. C-cycles are apparently out-of-phase between the two sites from 7.5 to 4.0 Ma, but then, inexplicably, they become much more similar in trend from 4.0 Ma to present. C-cycles have periodicities that fall in the range typical of these of the obliquity of the Earth's orbit, again suggesting a control by global climatic changes. Organic-carbon concentrations show no correlation with carbonate in the western Caribbean section but they show a strong negative correlation with carbonate in t]ie eastern equatorial Pacific record. The relationship in the Pacific section is opposite to that found by others, and the relationships at both sites are opposite to what one would intuitively expect.

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Spectrum of climatic variations and their causal mechanisms

Cited by 31 publications

References 126 publications

The ? 18O spectrum of oceanic deep water over a five-decade band

The ? 18O spectrum of oceanic deep water over a five-decade band

Orbital forcing of low‐frequency glacioeustasy

High-Resolution Carbonate and Quaternary Organic-Carbon Stratigraphies for the Late Neogene and Quaternary from the Western Caribbean and Eastern Equatorial Pacific

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