Spectrum of cardiovascular anohalies following cardiac loop constriction in the chick embryo

Clark, Edward B.; Rosenquist, Glenn C.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(78)90323-5

Cited by 26 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…This study characterizes the blood flow forces through the embryonic OFT during a critical developmental period, which have been shown to stimulate tissue remodelling that leads to cardiac defects [1,7,9,11,49]. Normal haemodynamic assessment is the first step in elucidating the mechanisms that cause altered blood flow to induce cardiac malformations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key cardiac morphogenetic events coincide with periods of major haemodynamic change, as the dynamic blood flow environment adjusts to meet the demands of the growing embryo. Normal haemodynamic conditions are essential for proper cardiac development, as several studies have shown that altered blood flow in animal models eventually leads to cardiac defects and malformations [1,3,[7][8][9][10][11]. Although it is clear that biomechanical forces are fundamental components of heart morphogenesis, the processes that relate blood flow to cardiac development remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood flow through the embryonic heart outflow tract during cardiac looping in HH13–HH18 chicken embryos

Midgett

Chivukula

Dorn

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Blood flow is inherently linked to embryonic cardiac development, as haemodynamic forces exerted by flow stimulate mechanotransduction mechanisms that modulate cardiac growth and remodelling. This study evaluated blood flow in the embryonic heart outflow tract (OFT) during normal development at each stage between HH13 and HH18 in chicken embryos, in order to characterize changes in haemodynamic conditions during critical cardiac looping transformations. Two-dimensional optical coherence tomography was used to simultaneously acquire both structural and Doppler flow images, in order to extract blood flow velocity and structural information and estimate haemodynamic measures. From HH13 to HH18, peak blood flow rate increased by 2.4-fold and stroke volume increased by 2.1-fold. Wall shear rate (WSR) and lumen diameter data suggest that changes in blood flow during HH13-HH18 may induce a shear-mediated vasodilation response in the OFT. Embryo-specific four-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modelling at HH13 and HH18 complemented experimental observations and indicated heterogeneous WSR distributions over the OFT. Characterizing changes in haemodynamics during cardiac looping will help us better understand the way normal blood flow impacts proper cardiac development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow through the embryonic heart outflow tract during cardiac looping in HH13–HH18 chicken embryos

Midgett

Chivukula

Dorn

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Haemodynamics play an important role in regulating early cardiovascular development [1], and previous studies have shown that altered flow conditions can result in cardiac defects [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Interactions between blood flow and cardiac tissues generate biomechanical stresses and strains, which modulate cardiogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow dynamics reflect degree of outflow tract banding in Hamburger–Hamilton stage 18 chicken embryos

Midgett

Goenezen

Rugonyi

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Altered blood flow during embryonic development has been shown to cause cardiac defects; however, the mechanisms by which the resulting haemodynamic forces trigger heart malformation are unclear. This study used heart outflow tract banding to alter normal haemodynamics in a chick embryo model at HH18 and characterized the immediate blood flow response versus the degree of band tightness. Optical coherence tomography was used to acquire two-dimensional longitudinal structure and Doppler velocity images from control (n ¼ 16) and banded (n ¼ 25, 6-64% measured band tightness) embryos, from which structural and velocity data were extracted to estimate haemodynamic measures. Peak blood flow velocity and wall shear rate (WSR) initially increased linearly with band tightness ( p , 0.01), but then velocity plateaued between 40% and 50% band tightness and started to decrease with constriction greater than 50%, whereas WSR continued to increase up to 60% constriction before it began decreasing with increased band tightness. Time of flow decreased with constriction greater than 20% ( p , 0.01), while stroke volume in banded embryos remained comparable to control levels over the entire range of constriction ( p . 0.1). The haemodynamic dependence on the degree of banding reveals immediate adaptations of the early embryonic cardiovascular system and could help elucidate a range of cardiac adaptations to gradually increased load.

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“…11,24 Decades of research have shown that disrupting the normal flow patterns solely by mechanical intervention generates a spectrum of cardiovascular defects. 6,8,12 The clinical relevance of defining the origins of congenital cardiovascular malformations relates to the high incidence of heart defects in humans (approximately 1% of live births and a much higher percentage of the pregnancies that end unsuccessfully in the first trimester), the requirement for medical and surgical intervention in at least 25% of these children in the first year of life, and the life-long impact of congenital heart disease on health, employment, and subsequent generations. 16,19 The broad based and international investigation that integrates comparative and developmental biology, the molecular genetics of invertebrate and vertebrate animal models, multimodal and predictive bioengineering approaches early 10 and expanding data sets from advanced human fetal imaging 20 and intervention 18 has reached the tipping point where observed congenital cardiovascular malformations can now be coupled to unique sequences of spatio-temporal events that trigger predictable altered developmental trajectories.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Fetal Hemodynamics

Pekkan

Keller

2013

Cardiovasc Eng Tech

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Spectrum of cardiovascular anohalies following cardiac loop constriction in the chick embryo

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Blood flow through the embryonic heart outflow tract during cardiac looping in HH13–HH18 chicken embryos

Blood flow through the embryonic heart outflow tract during cardiac looping in HH13–HH18 chicken embryos

Blood flow dynamics reflect degree of outflow tract banding in Hamburger–Hamilton stage 18 chicken embryos

Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Fetal Hemodynamics

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