Spectrum Decision Framework to Support Cognitive Radio Based IoT in 5G

Abstract

RF Spectrum Decision in Cognitive Radio enables unlicensed users of wireless communication systems to occupy the vacant spectrum slots as a solution to scarce spectrum. Internet of Things (IoT) is a wide-reaching network of unified entities. IoT capable things will be interconnected through wireless communication technologies offering cost-effectiveness and accessibility to remote users making quality life style. IoT implementation suffers from challenges of vulnerabilities to dynamic environmental conditions, ease of access, bandwidth allocation and utilization, and cost to purchase RF spectrum. As RF spectrum is a precious commodity and there is a dearth of RF spectrum, hence IoT connections are drifting towards Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). Permeating things with cognitive abilities will be able to make RF spectrum decisions to achieve interference-free and wireless connectivity as per their QoS requirements. The wireless systems are rapidly advancing. The leap from packet switching along with circuit switching with 144 kbps data rate (2G and 2.5G) to Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), i.e., 4G occurred in one decade time frame. As the current wireless connectivity is aimed at higher capacity, higher data rate, low end-to-end latency, massive device connectivity, reduced cost and consistent Quality of Experience (QoE) provision, therefore, 4G is being replaced with 5G. Presently the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum band is fully sold out and allocated to various wireless operators and applications. On the other hand, new wireless applications are emerging and there is a serious dearth of frequency spectrum to be allocated to emerging wireless services. The efficient utilization of assigned RF spectrum which is otherwise underutilized due to the typical usage by the licensed users known as Primary Users (PUs) is the one of the best possible way to implement IoT in 5G. Thus the Spectrum Decision by unlicensed users of CR holds a significance in CR-based IoT in 5G and beyond network. This chapter describes a scientific supported spectrum decision support framework for CR Network. The main goal of this chapter is to discuss how CR technology can be helpful for the IoT paradigm.

A QoS-aware framework for spectrum characterization and switching decision in cognitive radio networks

“…Cognitive radio network (CRN) is a fifth generation (5G) radio system that deploys technology which allows the system to obtain knowledge of its operational and geographical environment in order to permit opportunistic and intelligent spectrum access. The network permits unlicensed secondary users (SUs) to coexist with the licensed primary users (PUs) by opportunistically accessing unutilized or underutilized spectrum holes without causing undue interference to PUs and with other SUs (Zakariya et al, 2020;Akhtar et al, 2018). The 5G concept promises seamless communication with capabilities for higher capacity, higher data rate, low end-to-end latency, reduced cost, consistent quality of experience/quality of service (QoE)/(QoS) provisioning including massive connectivity to Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which existing 4G network cannot offer.…”