Spectrum and energy levels of doubly ionized europium (Eu iii)

Sugar, Jack; Spector, Nissan

doi:10.1364/josa.64.001484

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Article published by EDP Sciences Sugar & Spector (1974). b Weighted emission transition probabilities g u A are noted as m(n) for m × 10 n .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ground configuration of Eu iii is 4f 7 . For this ion, Sugar & Spector (1974) published a list of 890 observed lines but only one third of them were classified. These lines were transitions involving nine levels of 4f 7 and ninety-six levels of the 4f 6 ( 7 F)5d, 4f 6 ( 7 F)6s and 4f 6 ( 7 F)6p sub-configurations built on the lowest term 7 F of the 4f 6 core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An absolute scale of transition probabilities was established by scaling of transition integrals by the factors extrapolated from the lanthanide ion spectra where lifetime measurements are available. Starting from the known levels and unclassified lines of Sugar & Spector (1974) and based on our calculations of transition probabilities, new energy levels of Eu iii were determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended analysis of the Eu III spectrum

Wyart

Tchang-Brillet²,

Churilov

et al. 2008

A&A

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Aims. We create an Eu iii new atomic data set for interpreting the spectra of chemically peculiar stars by an extended analysis of the doubly-ionized europium.Methods. We classified Eu iii spectral lines from a laboratory wavelength list with the support of energy and transition probability predictions in the Racah-Slater approach, using the Cowan codes and generalized least-squares fit (GLS) studies along the sequence of doubly-ionized lanthanides.Results. More than thirty new levels and ninety classified lines are established in Eu iii. Improved prediction of the Eu iii spectrum was achieved by using scaling factors for ab initio energy integrals, as well as effective configuration interaction parameters supplied by GLS studies. Transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and Landé g-factors are calculated for the lines in the region 2000-9995 Å.

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“…Article published by EDP Sciences Sugar & Spector (1974). b Weighted emission transition probabilities g u A are noted as m(n) for m × 10 n .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended analysis of the Eu III spectrum

Wyart

Tchang-Brillet²,

Churilov

et al. 2008

A&A

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“…(B1). A value of c (Eu 2+ ,free) = 1.12 eV was used, based on the energy scheme constructed by Sugar and Spector [28,47]. It can be assumed that r(Eu 2+ ,A) is equal for both lattice sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapping and detrapping inSrAl2O4:Eu,Dypersistent phosphors: Influence of excitation wavelength and temperature

2014

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SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu,Dy is presumably the best known persistent luminescent phosphor. At room temperature, its green emission remains visible for hours after switching off the excitation. It is known that upon lowering the temperature of the phosphor a second photoluminescence emission band arises in the blue part of the visible spectrum, although its origin is still the subject of discussion. In this paper we thoroughly study the origin of both emission bands in SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu,Dy and we attribute this to europium ions substituting for the two different Sr sites in the phosphor's monoclinic host lattice. The photoluminescence properties, the thermal quenching behavior, and photoluminescence lifetime of both emission bands are investigated. A lanthanide energy level scheme is constructed for both sites. Using an integrated approach, i.e., combining charging, afterglow, and thermoluminescence measurements in the same run, we study the charging or trap filling processes in SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu,Dy upon excitation with site selective excitation wavelengths and at different temperatures. We show that trap filling is a thermally activated process when the green emitting center is excited at 435 nm.Furthermore, we also demonstrate that the distribution of filled traps after charging depends strongly on the excitation wavelength and thus on which Eu 2+ center has been excited. This suggests trapping of the electron close to the ionized Eu 2+ ion, without full delocalization to the conduction band during the trapping process. Finally, the quantum efficiency of the persistent luminescence is estimated at 65 (+/−10)%.

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“…Ideally all seven transitions can be seen individually and the excitation or absorption spectrum shows a characteristic staircase structure. 38,39 However, usually everything is smeared out into a featureless 1 eV broad band that often overlaps with the transitions to 4f 6 5d 2 and higher 4f 6 5d i states. In those cases the first 4f-5d excitation is estimated at the energy where the excitation spectrum has increased to about 15-20% of the maximum of the first ≈0.8 eV wide 4f 6 [ 7 F J ] excitation band.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Review on How Lanthanide Impurity Levels Change with Chemistry and Structure of Inorganic Compounds

Dorenbos

2012

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

306

243

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The energy of the 4f-5d transitions of divalent and trivalent lanthanide impurities in compounds depends strongly on the type of lanthanide, its valence, and the type of compound. Despite this large variability there is much systematic in 4f-5d transition energy. Once it is known for one lanthanide that for all others when in the same compound can be predicted. The same applies for the energy of electron transfer from the valence band to the 4f-shell of lanthanides which also behaves in a systematic fashion with type of lanthanide and type of compound. This work reviews my studies during the past fifteen years that are based on an analysis of data on all divalent and all trivalent lanthanides in more than 1000 different inorganic compounds collected from the archival literature. The established redshift and charge transfer models that form the basis to construct binding energy schemes showing all lanthanide levels with respect to the host bands are reviewed and the latest developments are addressed. The lanthanide ions are widely used to functionalize inorganic compounds, most noteworthy for phosphor application in lighting and display. To understand the performance of lanthanide activated materials, knowledge on the electronic structure is needed which can be obtained by studying optical transitions. It often appears as a distinct band or strong cutoff at the energy E ex of host exciton creation in lanthanide luminescence excitation spectra. In Fig. 1 the exciton creation is manifest by a cutoff in the Tm 3+ luminescence excitation spectrum 2) The intra-lanthanide transitions are within one and the same lanthanide, and one may distinguish the intra 4f n -4f n and inter-configurational 4f n -4f n−1 5d transitions. The 4f n -4f n transitions are narrow and parity forbidden whereas the parity allowed 4f-5d transitions are typically few 0.1 eV wide. Both types can be seen in Fig. 1. 3) The charge transfer transitions are between a lanthanide state and a host band state and they provide information on the location of the lanthanide levels relative to the valence and conduction band. Excitation of an electron from the valence band to the 4f-shell of Tm 3+ gives the more than 1 eV wide excitation band at 7.8 eV in Fig. 1.In this review first the systematics in 4f-5d transition energies are presented together with the models describing those systematics. It concerns the redshift models, centroid shift models, and models on the crystal field splitting. Next the electron transfer from the valence band to the 4f-shell of trivalent lanthanides is treated. It forms the basis to construct host referred binding energy schemes (HRBE) that show the binding energy of electrons in all lanthanide impurity states relative to that in the valence and conduction band states. Finally the most recent developments in the modeling of electronic binding energy schemes are presented. The chemical shift model enables to relate the entire HRBE scheme relative to the vacuum energy. The 4f-5d Transition EnergiesGoing through the lanthanide seri...

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Spectrum and energy levels of doubly ionized europium (Eu iii)

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Extended analysis of the Eu III spectrum

Extended analysis of the Eu III spectrum

Trapping and detrapping inSrAl2O4:Eu,Dypersistent phosphors: Influence of excitation wavelength and temperature

A Review on How Lanthanide Impurity Levels Change with Chemistry and Structure of Inorganic Compounds

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