Spectroscopy of geoneutrinos from 2056 days of Borexino data

Agostini, M.; Appel, S.; Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonfini, G.; Bravo, D.; Caccianiga, B.; Calaprice, F.; Caminata, A.; Cavalcante, P.; Chepurnov, A.; Choi, K.; D’Angelo, D.; Davini, S.; Derbin, A.; Noto, L. Di; Drachnev, I.; Empl, A.; Etenko, A.; Fiorentini, G.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Goeger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Gromov, M.; Hagner, C.; Houdy, T.; Hungerford, E.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Jȩdrzejczak, K.; Kaiser, M.; Kobychev, V.; Korablëv, D.; Korga, G.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lehnert, B.; Litvinovich, E.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhová, L.; Lukyanchenko, G.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Mantovani, Fabio; Marcocci, S.; Meroni, E.; Meyer, M.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montuschi, M.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Neumair, B.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Otis, K.; Pagani, L.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Perasso, L.; Pocar, A.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Ricci, B.; Romani, A.; Roncin, R.; Rossi, N.; Schönert, S.; Semenov, D.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Thurn, J.; Toropova, M.; Unzhakov, E.; Vogelaar, R. B.; Feilitzsch, F. von; Wang, H.; Weinz, S.; Winter, J.; Wójcik, Marcin; Wurm, M.; Yokley, Z.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuber, Κ.; Zuzel, G.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.031101

Cited by 104 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The collaboration reported the presence of a non-zero geoneutrino signal in the acquired antineutrino data set at a 99.997% confidence level. Both experiments provided several updates of their results with the most recent ones released in 2015 by Borexino [143] and in 2016 by KamLAND [144], the latter still has a preliminary status.…”

Section: Current Experiments and Their Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 35 European reactors using the Mixed Oxide (MOX) technology 30% of thermal power was considered to have 0.000 : 0.080 : 0.708 : 0.212 PFs [14]. In the latest analysis the more precise PFs of 0.542 : 0.411 : 0.022 : 0.0243 were used for the 46 cores using heavy water moderator [143,158]; the associated correction is very small, ∼ 0.1%, as only two reactors of this type are located in Europe. The matter effect on the neutrino propagation increases the observed signal by 0.6%, and 1% increase is due to the contribution of the long-lived fission products in the spent fuel.…”

Section: Geoneutrino Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 −0.10 event from the major part of the non-reactor backgrounds, and less than 0.65 event at 90% C.L. can be associated with the remaining possible sources of background, namely from (α, n) reactions in the buffer and from the fast neutrons generated by muons crossing the rocks [143]. The upper limits in the latter case are set in a conservative approach, since the absense of precise information does not allow more accurate calculations.…”

Section: Geoneutrino Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fit with the U and Th normalizations left as free parameters was performed by the Borexino collaboration in [143]. The U and Th best-fit contributions are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Extracting Th/u Global Mass Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 represent three classes of BSE models, based on the heat values from the classification byŠrámek et al [36]: 11±2 TW, 20±4 TW, and 33±3 TW for the cosmochemical, geochemical and geodynamical estimates, respectively. The horizontal lines represent the results of Borexino of 2015 [143] and the latest result of KamLAND [144], respectively. The Borexino results are compatible with all BSE models within 1σ, while the KamLAND measurements are compatible with all models within 2σ, slightly disfavouring the more energetic cosmochemical ones.…”

Section: Obtaining Radiogenic Heat From the Measured Geoneutrino Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental aspects of geoneutrino detection: Status and perspectives

Smirnov

2019

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

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Neutrino geophysics, the study of the Earth's interior by measuring the fluxes of geologically produced neutrino at its surface, is a new interdisciplinary field of science, rapidly developing as a synergy between geology, geophysics and particle physics. Geoneutrinos, antineutrinos from longlived natural isotopes responsible for the radiogenic heat flux, provide valuable information for the chemical composition models of the Earth. The calculations of the expected geoneutrino signal are discussed, together with experimental aspects of geoneutrino detection, including the description of possible backgrounds and methods for their suppression. At present, only two detectors, Borexino and KamLAND, have reached sensitivity to the geoneutrino. The experiments accumulated a set of ∼190 geoneutrino events and continue the data acquisition. The detailed description of the experiments, their results on geoneutrino detection, and impact on geophysics are presented. The start of operation of other detectors sensitive to geoneutrinos is planned for the near future: the SNO+ detector is being filled with liquid scintillator, and the biggest ever 20 kt JUNO detector is under construction. A review of the physics potential of these experiments with respect to the geoneutrino studies, along with other proposals, is presented. New ideas and methods for geoneutrino detection are reviewed.

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Section: Current Experiments and Their Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geoneutrino Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geoneutrino Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fit with the U and Th normalizations left as free parameters was performed by the Borexino collaboration in [143]. The U and Th best-fit contributions are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Extracting Th/u Global Mass Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obtaining Radiogenic Heat From the Measured Geoneutrino Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental aspects of geoneutrino detection: Status and perspectives

Smirnov

2019

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

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Perceiving the Crust in 3‐D: A Model Integrating Geological, Geochemical, and Geophysical Data

Strati

Wipperfurth

Baldoncini

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Regional characterization of the continental crust has classically been performed through either geologic mapping, geochemical sampling, or geophysical surveys. Rarely are these techniques fully integrated, due to limits of data coverage, quality, and/or incompatible data sets. We combine geologic observations, geochemical sampling, and geophysical surveys to create a coherent 3‐D geologic model of a 50 × 50 km upper crustal region surrounding the SNOLAB underground physics laboratory in Canada, which includes the Southern Province, the Superior Province, the Sudbury Structure, and the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone. Nine representative aggregate units of exposed lithologies are geologically characterized, geophysically constrained, and probed with 109 rock samples supported by compiled geochemical databases. A detailed study of the lognormal distributions of U and Th abundances and of their correlation permits a bivariate analysis for a robust treatment of the uncertainties. A downloadable 3‐D numerical model of U and Th distribution defines an average heat production of 1.5−0.7+1.4 µW/m3, and predicts a contribution of 7.7−3.0+7.7 TNU (a Terrestrial Neutrino Unit is one geoneutrino event per 1032 target protons per year) out of a crustal geoneutrino signal of 31.1−4.5+8.0 TNU. The relatively high local crust geoneutrino signal together with its large variability strongly restrict the SNO+ capability of experimentally discriminating among BSE compositional models of the mantle. Future work to constrain the crustal heat production and the geoneutrino signal at SNO+ will be inefficient without more detailed geophysical characterization of the 3‐D structure of the heterogeneous Huronian Supergroup, which contributes the largest uncertainty to the calculation.

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Radiogenic power and geoneutrino luminosity of the Earth and other terrestrial bodies through time

McDonough

Šrámek

Wipperfurth

2019

Preprint

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Key Points:• Radiogenic heat production and geoneutrino luminosity calculated over the age of the Earth • Simple formulae proposed for evaluation at arbitrary planetary composition • Differences in radioactive decay parameters highlighted between nuclear physics and geological communities AbstractWe report the Earth's rate of radiogenic heat production and (anti)neutrino luminosity from geologically relevant short-lived radionuclides (SLR) and long-lived radionuclides (LLR) using decay constants from the geological community, updated nuclear physics parameters, and calculations of the β spectra. We carefully account for all branches in 40 K decay using the updated β − energy spectrum from physics and an updated branching ratio from geological studies. We track the time evolution of the radiogenic power and luminosity of the Earth over the last 4.57 billion years, assuming an absolute abundance for the refractory elements in the silicate Earth and key volatile/refractory element ratios (e.g., Fe/Al, K/U, and Rb/Sr) to set the abundance levels for the moderately volatile elements. The relevant decays for the present-day heat production in the Earth (19.9 ± 3.0 TW) are from 40 K, 87 Rb, 147 Sm, 232 Th, 235 U, and 238 U. Given element concentrations in kg-element/kg-rock and density ρ in kg/m 3 , a simplified equation to calculate the heat production in a rock is:3.387 × 10 −3 [K] + 0.01139 [Rb] + 0.04607 [Sm] + 26.18 [Th] + 98.29 [U]The radiogenic heating rate of earth-like material at Solar System formation was some 10 3 to 10 4 times greater than present-day values, largely due to decay of 26 Al in the silicate fraction, which was the dominant radiogenic heat source for the first ∼ 10 My. Decay of 60 Fe contributed a non-negligible amount of heating during the first ∼ 15 My after CAI (Calcium Aluminum Inclusion) formation, interestingly within the time frame of core-mantle segregation. Using factors and equations presented here, one can calculate the first-order thermal and (anti)neutrino luminosity history of various size bodies in the solar system and exoplanets. Plain Language SummaryThe decay of radioactive elements in planetary interior's produces heat that drives the dynamic processes of convection (core and mantle), melting and volcanism in rocky bodies in the solar system and beyond. For elements with half-lives of 100,000 to 100 billion years, uncertainties in their decay constants range from 0.2% to ∼ 4% absolute and about 1% to 4% relative when comparing data sources in physics and geology. These differences, combined with uncertainties in Q (heat of reaction) values, lead to diverging results for heat production and for predictions of the amount of energy removed from the rocky body by emitted (anti)neutrinos.

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Spectroscopy of geoneutrinos from 2056 days of Borexino data

Cited by 104 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental aspects of geoneutrino detection: Status and perspectives

Experimental aspects of geoneutrino detection: Status and perspectives

Perceiving the Crust in 3‐D: A Model Integrating Geological, Geochemical, and Geophysical Data

Radiogenic power and geoneutrino luminosity of the Earth and other terrestrial bodies through time

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