Spectroscopy and diode laser-pumped operation of Tm,Ho:YAG

Fan, T. Y.; Huber, G.; Byer, Robert L.; Mitzscherlich, P.

doi:10.1109/3.213

Cited by 329 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fortunately, 2.1µm holmium lasers can be in-band-pumped efficiently by 1.9µm thulium lasers, which in turn can be diodepumped efficiently at ~790nm, due to a two-for-one cross-relaxation process, whereby one pump photon can lead to the excitation of two thulium ions into the upper laser level. Codoping of the same crystal with thulium and holmium is a compact solution, [5,6], but it can lead to severe co-operative upconversion reducing the energy storage capacity, [7], particularly in a YAG host. Alternatively one can use separate thulium and holmium doped crystals within a common laser cavity, as first demonstrated by Stoneman and Esterowitz, [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-cavity side-pumped Ho:YAG laser

Mackenzie

Shepherd

et al. 2006

Opt. Express

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-cavity side-pumped Ho:YAG laser

Mackenzie

Shepherd

et al. 2006

Opt. Express

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“…ThE provided confirmation that optin to propagation of the fundament To permit the use of short cav we chose the doping level to be 2 tor of 10 higher than that previ( At this level of doping, concentrn portant. In particular, there is operative process 7 whereby an ic state interacts with a neighborir state to produce two ions in the 3 J Thus it is possible to excite two T level for every pump photon al the decay rates of the 3 F 4 level f and heavily doped samples and i tion that the above-mentioned is the only significant one occur of pumping conditions used in a calculated a pumping quantum There was no observable differer fluorescence lifetimes in the guic both having a value of -0.9 ms.…”

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confidence: 99%

19-μm operation of a Tm:lead germanate glass waveguide laser

et al. 1994

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We report what we believe to be the first planar-technology waveguide laser in the 2-,um region. Laser operation of the 'H4 to 3 H 6 transition of Tm 3 + ions in a lead germanate glass host has been observed in an ion-implanted planar waveguide.The development of coherent light sources in the wavelength region around 2 ,um is of interest because of the presence of absorption bands of several important molecules. Lead germanate was shown to be a particularly suitable glass host for operation of the 2-Am Tm 3 , 3 H 4 to 3 H 6 transition in fiber samples" 2 (see Fig. 1). The maximum phonon energy is greater than in fluoride glasses, leading to efficient population of the upper laser level through nonradiative decay out of the 3 F 4 pump level. The maximum phonon energy is, however, less than in silicate glasses, leading to an increase in the lifetime of the upper laser level 3 H 4 . This favorable combination of decay rates has permitted us to demonstrate, using a fiber made of modified lead germanate (55GeO 2 -2OPbO-lOBaO-lOZnO-5K 2 0), thresholds for 790-nm pumping that are easily within reach of single-stripe diode lasers. ' Waveguides based on planar technology offer a number of potential advantages over fibers. For example, there is the possibility of diode-bar side pumping for high-power operation. 3 In addition, the active region is readily accessible for fabrication of feedback gratings, possibly through the photorefractive effect. Because high doping levels are possible with this glass, compact single-longitudinal-mode devices may be possible.Recently it was shown that waveguides could be fabricated in this modified lead germanate glass by use of He' ion implantation 4 and that, in addition, the losses of these guides were significantly lower than the -1-dB cm-' value that has been typical for ion implantation. 5 In fact, losses of 0.15 dB cm-' were obtained 4 (compared with 0.02 dB cm'I for the fiber), with index profiles suitable for guiding 2-/ttm radiation. The effect of the propagation loss can be reduced further by the use of shorter cavity lengths and correspondingly higher doping levels. The use of Tm 3 + is also attractive because there exists a cross-relaxation process that offers the possibility of 200% pumping quantum efficiency for highly doped samples. To assess the prospects for active waveguide devices in lead germanate glass, we have made an initial investigation of the 2-Am Tm 3 + laser in a planar waveguide.The waveguide used in these experiments was a planar guide (i.e., with guiding in one transverse dimension) created by implantation of the polished surface of the Tm-doped glass with 2.9-MeV 3 He' ions at liquid-nitrogen temperature at a dose of 4 X 1016 ions/cm 2 . This was followed by annealing at 200'C, which was found to be the annealing temperature at which propagation losses were minimized while the index increase in the guide region remained relatively large. 4 The dark mode pattern of the resultant waveguide was investigated, and from this the refractive-index profile shown ...

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“…However, the efficiency of these systems is usually limited because of the deleterious effect of upconversion losses at high pump level and reverse transfer between the Tm and Ho ions [11] which produce a large thermal load of the crystal and practically prevent an operation at PRF larger than few tens of Hertz. Further work has then focussed on direct in-band pumping of the Ho 5 I 7 manifold by Tm:YLF solid-state laser [12,13] or more recently by suitable laser diodes at 1.9 lm [14] or via a diode-pumped secondary laser source, e.g., a thulium (Tm) fiber laser [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further work has then focussed on direct in-band pumping of the Ho 5 I 7 manifold by Tm:YLF solid-state laser [12,13] or more recently by suitable laser diodes at 1.9 lm [14] or via a diode-pumped secondary laser source, e.g., a thulium (Tm) fiber laser [15]. Even if the Tm-fiber lasers are diode-pumped in the 790 nm band leading to an a priori large quantum defect, the electrical to optical efficiency (EOE) can be significantly enhanced by the crossrelaxation process where one photon can excite two Tm ions in the 3 H 4 level [11,16]. Current commercial Tm fiber laser from the supplier ITF Labs (15 W module), reaches an EOE of 20 %, similar to current 1.9 lm laser diode module efficiency [17] but with outstanding properties concerning the beam quality, the narrow linewidth (\0.5 nm) and robustness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-μm high-power multiple-frequency single-mode Q-switched Ho:YLF laser for DIAL application

et al. 2014

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We report on the development and the demonstration of a two-wavelength single-frequency laser oscillator based on Ho:YLF crystal. This laser is especially suitable for application as a transmitter in differential absorption lidar (DIAL)/integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) using the R30 CO 2 absorption line at 2,050.967 nm. The oscillator consists in a fiber-coupled and free-space solid-state hybrid system and can be used in high-energy middle-rate or moderate-energy high-rate configurations. The latter produced On and Off sequentially single-frequency laser pulses with 13 mJ of energy at a repetition rate of 2 kHz and pulse duration of 42 ns. The pulse energy and frequency stabilities are specially documented in free-running, single-frequency and two-frequency seeding single-mode operations. Standard deviation is 7.7 % for pulse energy and 2 MHz for frequency stability for the two-wavelength seeding operation. Allan variance plot shows that frequency fluctuations are reduced below 70 kHz for 10 s of averaging which is suitable for accurate CO 2 DIAL or IPDA measurements.

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Spectroscopy and diode laser-pumped operation of Tm,Ho:YAG

Cited by 329 publications

References 21 publications

Intra-cavity side-pumped Ho:YAG laser

Intra-cavity side-pumped Ho:YAG laser

19-μm operation of a Tm:lead germanate glass waveguide laser

2-μm high-power multiple-frequency single-mode Q-switched Ho:YLF laser for DIAL application

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