Spectroscopic Studies of Engine Combustion

Withrow, Lloyd; Rassweiler, Gerald M.

doi:10.1021/ie50259a010

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…8). The afterglow emission has been detected by numerous authors, firstly by Withrow and Rassweiler in the 1931 [11] and confirmed by other works [55][56][57].…”

Section: Comparison Of Burning Velocities With Other Authors' Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The resulting OH* and CH* radicals in an electronically excited state lose their energy through either spontaneous fluorescence (chemiluminescence) or by physical collisions The chemiluminescence emitted during a combustion process has two contributions: the flame front contribution, basically formed by discrete emissions from OH*, CH* and C 2 * radicals, and the continuous emission originated by the hot gases during the postcombustion period, usually called afterglow emissions, [11].…”

Section: The Reaction Of C 2 H With Atomic Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the study of combustion of these and other types of hydrocarbon fuels, the analysis of chemiluminescence emissions is a powerful tool. Multiple research works have confirmed that chemiluminescence emitted by excited chemical radicals in flames can be used as a diagnostic combustion tool [9][10][11], such as in internal combustion engines (ICE), combustion bombs, burners, turbines and other facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hydrogen addition on the OH* and CH* chemiluminescence emissions of premixed combustion of methane-air mixtures

Reyes

Fluixá

Giménez

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Chemiluminescence emissions measurements of OH* and CH* are used to characterize the combustion of blends of methane and hydrogen in air in a constant volume combustion bomb, with two sets of initial conditions. The combined results of combustion development cover from 0.1 to 2.5 MPa. Burning velocity, heat release and unburned/burned gas temperatures are obtained from the pressure by using a two-zone thermodynamic combustion diagnostic model. Intensity of OH* and CH* increases with the initial temperature and the percentage of hydrogen, in parallel with the usual increase in burning velocity. The timings of the peaks of OH* and CH* chemiluminescence emissions are found to correlate respectively with the maximum rate of heat release and flame temperature. These results show that both chemiluminescence signals can be used to monitorize the burning process in combustion devices operating in the pressure range studied.

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“…8). The afterglow emission has been detected by numerous authors, firstly by Withrow and Rassweiler in the 1931 [11] and confirmed by other works [55][56][57].…”

Section: Comparison Of Burning Velocities With Other Authors' Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: The Reaction Of C 2 H With Atomic Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of hydrogen addition on the OH* and CH* chemiluminescence emissions of premixed combustion of methane-air mixtures

Reyes

Fluixá

Giménez

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Photographs of C0 -0 2 explosions by Bone, Fraser and W inter (1927) and others show a very marked increase in luminosity in the centre of the vessel as the pressure wave travels back after the explosion, and Prof. Egerton has suggested th a t this is probably connected with the internal energy of the C0 2 molecules. Withrow and Rassweiler (1931) and Rassweiler and Withrow (1932) have studied the afterburning in the internal combustion engine and have obtained good spectrograms showing th a t the emission spectrum is identical with th a t of the carbon monoxide flame, and therefore presumably due to molecules of C0 2. David (1936David ( , 1937a and Pugh (1937, 1940) from comparison of measured and calculated flame temperatures have concluded th a t there is a considerable amount of latent energy which is not immediately released by the combus tion and which is attributed to long-lived metastable molecules formed in the flame front.…”

Section: The Afterburning and Latent Energy Of Combustion Of Carbon Monoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

The flame spectrum of carbon monoxide, II. Application to 'afterburning'

Gaydon

1941

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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In a previous paper it has been shown, from a study of the spectrum of the carbon monoxide flame, that the molecules of C02 formed by the combustion are initially in a highly excited state of internal vibration. An attempt is made here to derive approximate values for the lifetimes of these vibrationally activated molecules.The orders of magnitude of the radiative lifetime for the three types of vibration are derived. From data obtained from supersonic dispersion in C02 the relaxation times, or collision lifetimes, are discussed with especial emphasis on the effect of moisture on the collision-life of the activated molecules. A section is also devoted to the possibility of the close resonance between the vibrations and v2 of C02 resulting in a high percentage of dissociation after the combustion of the dry gas.The results give a good interpretation of the experiments of Gamer and colleagues on the marked effect of moisture and other catalysts on the infra-red emission of the flame, and the general failure to observe a strong emission band at 14-9/i. The results of the theory go far towards explaining the latent energy of the combustion observed by David and colleagues.The lifetime of the activated molecules is calculated to be not more than a few tenths of a second, but dissociation and recombination processes might lengthen this time. For moist gases the lifetime will be very much less, and the infra-red radiation from the flame and the latent energy of the products should similarly be much reduced, in agreement with experiment. The vibrationally activated molecules are to be regarded as essentially normal molecules of C02 in which the vibrational energy has not had time to reach equipartition with the energy in other degrees of freedom; spectroscopically there is no evidence to show that they are electronically excited or peculiar in any other way.Experiments on the absorption spectrum of a long length of burning gas show strong absorption due to hot oxygen, this being particularly marked when the gases are dry. This is interpreted as being due to transfer of the vibrational energy from the C02 to the 0 2 molecules, the absorption spectrum of which is thereby shifted to longer wave-lengths.

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“…In the 1930s, a spectroscopic study was performed on both normal combustion and knocking combustion by Withrow and Rassweiler [17,18]. They showed that the flame front under normal conditions exhibited the band spectra of CH, C 2 , and OH, while the spectrum of knocking combustion showed a strong continuum in the red.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-cylinder studies of hybrid combustion in a direct injection single-cylinder optical engine

Yang

Zhao

2010

International Journal of Engine Research

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Over the last decade, controlled autoignition (CAI) combustion, or homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), has been the subject of numerous studies and has shown its potential to reduce fuel consumption and NO x emissions simultaneously from gasoline engines. However, there are still some fundamental questions that are yet to be addressed, such as combustion control and underlying physical and chemical processes. In the present study, a single-cylinder optical gasoline engine was operated with negative valve overlap to investigate CAI and hybrid spark ignition (SI)–CAI combustion. The effects of direct fuel injection and spark timings were studied by means of a simultaneous in-cylinder heat release study and high-speed visualization of total chemiluminescence, OH and CHO radicals.

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Spectroscopic Studies of Engine Combustion

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of hydrogen addition on the OH* and CH* chemiluminescence emissions of premixed combustion of methane-air mixtures

Effect of hydrogen addition on the OH* and CH* chemiluminescence emissions of premixed combustion of methane-air mixtures

The flame spectrum of carbon monoxide, II. Application to 'afterburning'

In-cylinder studies of hybrid combustion in a direct injection single-cylinder optical engine

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