Spectroscopic properties of Tm3+:TeO2–PbF2 glasses

Tm3+ doped Bi2O3–GeO2–Na2O glasses for 1.8μm fluorescence

“…Bismuthate glass exhibits excellent solubility for rare-earth ions, low phonon energy ($440 cm À1 ), higher density, higher refractive index ($2.1), low glass transition temperature (T g $380°C) and good infrared transmission ($6 lm) [7]. Because of the low phonon energy of bismuthate glass, the multiphonon relaxation of excited states of rare earths is strongly reduced, which will help to improve the fluorescence efficiency and increase amplification gain [8][9][10][11]. These special optical properties of bismuthate glass stimulate us to explore its applications in high-performance optics and laser technology.…”

Optical absorption and spectroscopic properties of thulium doped (TeO2)(Nb2O5)(TiO2) glasses

“…Lin et al [1], and Balda et al [4] Furthermore, as it can be seen from the energy level diagram in Fig. 1, excitation around 785 nm produces two broad emission bands centered at 1470 and 1800 nm wavelength [5]. In this work, the effect of Nb 2 O 5 glass compositions on the spontaneous emission probabilities has been realized, as well as radiative life times, and branching ratios by using UV-VIS-NIR absorption measurements.…”

“…After excitation to the 3 F 4 level, a Tm 3+ ion may decay non-radiatively to the 3 H 4 level and raise a nearby Tm 3+ ion, which is initially in the ground state, to the 3 H 4 level. This results in the emission of two photons at 1800 nm with one pump photon and enhances the relative strength of the 1800-nm band in relation to that at 1470 nm [5]. Moreover, the observed decrease in intensity of the 3 F 4 → 3 H 4 transition band at 1470 nm could be interpreted of being due to re-absorption of the emitted photons by neighbouring Tm 3+ ions.…”

“…The possible applications areas can be classified such as; sensors, lasers hosts, optical fibers and fiber amplifiers, optical signal processing, and waveguide devices [2,3]. Moreover, glass researchers have also expressed their intensive interest in the tellurite glasses for being one of the most important materials among the oxide glasses due to its several optical, physical and microstructural properties when compared with silicate and borate glasses like; wide transmission window in the infrared (0.35-5.0 μm), low melting temperature, low phonon cut-off energy (800 cm -1 ), and high refractive index (1.8-2.3) [4][5][6]. In addition, tellurite optical glasses are resistant to atmospheric moisture and capable of incorporating large concentrations of rare earth ions such as Tm 3+ ion into the glass matrix [7,8].…”

Investigation of Infrared and Raman Spectra of TeO2-Nb2O5-TiO2Glasses

“…Moreover, Nb 2 O 5 glass modier can improve properties of optical nonlinearity, vitrication and glass stability [911]. In order to determine this correlation between the physical properties and their atomic arrangements, microstructural studies on several TeO 2 -based glass systems were performed by many researchers including glassy network formers and modiers as MONb 2 Tellurium oxide(TeO 2 ) has long been studied as a good glass network former, but it is not able to form a glass structure by itself, but it forms glasses easily with the addition of elements such as Nb 2 O 5 , PbF 2 , ZnO, as modiers [14,17]. Mallawany and Silva et al [18,19] reported that TeO 2 crystallizes in two dierent phases called α-TeO 2 (paratellurite, tetragonal) and β-TeO 2 (tellurite, orthorhombic), which have been known to be stable phases [8].…”