Spectroscopic, morphological and chemical characterization of historic pigments based on carbon. Paths for the identification of an artistic pigment

Tomasini, Eugenia; Siracusano, Gabriela; Maier, Marta S.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2011.11.005

Cited by 79 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Carbon black from Y4-24 area was easy to identify by SERS, as observed in the spectrum of figure 9, where the bands at 1327 cm −1 and 1595 cm −1 can be assigned to the G and D bands of carbon, respectively. The noir de vigne pigment (Y4-25) was identified using XRF owing to the high amount of iron determined in agreement with previous examination [34].…”

Section: (E) Green and Black Colourssupporting

confidence: 83%

Spectroscopic characterization of sixteenth century panel painting references using Raman, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and helium-Raman system for in situ analysis of Ibero-American Colonial paintings

Garcia‐Bucio

Casanova‐González

Ruvalcaba‐Sil

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Section: (E) Green and Black Colourssupporting

confidence: 83%

Spectroscopic characterization of sixteenth century panel painting references using Raman, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and helium-Raman system for in situ analysis of Ibero-American Colonial paintings

Garcia‐Bucio

Casanova‐González

Ruvalcaba‐Sil

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…In order to positively identify these black pigments, microscopic samples from one black human figure (1eV) were scraped and analysed by Raman and SEM-EDS to obtain detailed information regarding its elemental composition, molecular structure and morphology (Smith et al, 1999;Edwards et al, 2000;Tomasini et al, 2012;Bonneau et al, 2012). The collected samples included portions of black pigment adhered to spallated fragments of the substrate and covered by calcareous accretions.…”

Section: Technical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approximation to the study of black pigments in Cova Remigia (Castellón, Spain). Technical and cultural assessments of the use of carbon-based black pigments in Spanish Levantine Rock Art

López-Montalvo

Bonilla

Roldán

et al. 2014

Journal of Archaeological Science

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a b s t r a c tSpanish Levantine Rock Art is a unique pictorial expression within the prehistoric European context. Located in shelters in the inland regions of the Iberian Mediterranean basin, this art form, which must be necessarily studied in the frame of the process of neolithization of this territory, still lacks direct dating, and therefore its authorship is still open to debate.In this paper we present the first characterization of black pigments used in the Cova Remigia shelters in the Valltorta-Gassulla area (Castell on, Spain) by means of EDXRF spectrometry combined with SEM-EDS and Raman spectroscopy. Our aim is both to identify the raw material used for the preparation of black pigments and to make a first approach to the cultural choices involved in its use.The results are relevant for several reasons. Firstly, carbon-based black pigments have been identified for the first time in northern regions of Levantine rock art. Secondly, the recurrent use of black pigments in Cova Remigia questions the assumption of its restricted use in Spanish Levantine art. Thirdly, posterior repainting and graphic re-appropriation of black figures have been observed in Cova Remigia, giving rise to the combination of two colours, black and red, fact that is extremely rare in this rock art tradition. Finally, the identification of organic matter in the black pigments opens the possibility of radiocarbon dating.

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“…The observation of the pigments by SEM (Figure 3) shows that the drawings were made with charcoal (Menu et al 1993;Tomasini et al 2012) and it is therefore possible to date the material by 14 C. Thus, for the first time direct dates from Lower Congo rock art were achieved. The results obtained on the charcoal samples indicate dates from cal AD 1480 to 1800 (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

First Direct Radiocarbon Dating of Lower Congo Rock Art (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. Lower Congo rock art is concentrated in a region that stretches from Kinshasa to the Atlantic coast and from northern Angola to southern Congo-Brazzaville. Although Lower Congo rock art was identified as early as the 19th century, it had never been a subject of thorough investigation. Presently inhabited by the Ndibu, one of the Kongo subgroups, the Lovo Massif is situated north of the ancient Kongo Kingdom. With 102 sites (including 16 decorated caves), the massif has the largest concentration of rock art in the entire region. In 2008 and 2010, we were able to collect pigment samples directly on the panels of the newly discovered decorated cave of Tovo. Unlike the Sahara and southern Africa, both extensively prospected, rock art of central Africa is still widely unknown and not dated. Radiocarbon dating of rock art in Africa is a real challenge and only a few direct dates have been obtained thus far. After verifying that the pigment samples were indeed charcoal, we proceeded to 14 C date them using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The results indicate dates between cal AD 1480 and 1800, confirming that the occupation of Tovo Cave was contemporaneous with the ancient Kongo Kingdom.

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Spectroscopic, morphological and chemical characterization of historic pigments based on carbon. Paths for the identification of an artistic pigment

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Spectroscopic characterization of sixteenth century panel painting references using Raman, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and helium-Raman system for in situ analysis of Ibero-American Colonial paintings

Spectroscopic characterization of sixteenth century panel painting references using Raman, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and helium-Raman system for in situ analysis of Ibero-American Colonial paintings

An approximation to the study of black pigments in Cova Remigia (Castellón, Spain). Technical and cultural assessments of the use of carbon-based black pigments in Spanish Levantine Rock Art

First Direct Radiocarbon Dating of Lower Congo Rock Art (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

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