Spectroscopic measurements of the evanescent wave polarization state

Kawalec, Tomasz; Jozefowski, L.; Fiutowski, Jacek; Kasprowicz, M.; Dohnalik, T.

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.02.042

“…The s-polarized incident light was used to ensure that the evanescent fields were also linearly polarized horizontally with their electric vector parallel to the interface. 30,31 The LSEW was constructed at the suspension-glass interface with two s-polarized synchronous laser beams impinging normally onto the two lateral opposite sides of the prism, where the incidence angle of 50°is slightly larger than the critical one (ESI Fig. 2 †).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two wave vectors of EW are k tx = k 0 n 1 sin θ, and k tz ¼ jk 0 n 2 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi n 1 2 sin θ=n 2 2 À 1 p , where k 0 is the wave vector in a vacuum, described as k 0 = 2π/λ, and λ is the wavelength of incident light in a vacuum. 30,31 When the time dependence factor is ignored, the phase factor is expressed as e −jktxx e jktzz . The electric field vector of EW within the z = 0 plane is written by E ts ¼ 2 cos θ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 1 À n 21 2 p E is e Àjδs , where n 21 = n 2 /n 1 , tan δ s ¼ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi sin 2 θ À n 21 2 p cos θ and E is is the electric field amplitude of incident light with s-polarization.…”

Section: Concepts On the Interaction Of Nps And Lsewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nanostructured grating patterns over a large area fabricated by optically directed assembly

Huang

¹

,

Chen

²

,

Qi

³

et al. 2016

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Optical trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in nanotechnology and biology. Here, we demonstrate an optically directed assembly (ODA) route for bottom-up fabrication of stable nanostructured grating patterns in solution using laser standing evanescent wave (LSEW) fields. The control mechanism is the intriguing cooperative action of the periodically line-centered attractive optical gradient force and the near field dipolar coupling force induced by LSEW, which leads to assembly of the colloidal silver NPs into robust grating patterns within minutes. The anisotropic polarization nature of the grating patterns was studied further by examining the morphology correlation of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based signal amplification. We show the LSEW ODA method can optimize and stabilize the strongest dipolar coupling style among the NPs during pattern assembly. These results advance the further understanding of ODA of colloid NPs and might have many potential applications in SERS, catalysis, nanophotonics and nano-fabrication.

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“…When light undergoes total internal reflection at a dielectric interface with refractive indices n 1 > n 2 , the amplitude of the two evanescent electric field components of TM waves is given by [42,43]:…”

Section: Polarization Of Evanescent Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Coupling between Single Atoms and Nontransversal Photons

Junge

¹

,

O’Shea

²

,

Volz

³

et al. 2013

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Light is often described as a fully transverse-polarized wave, i.e., with an electric field vector that is orthogonal to the direction of propagation. However, light confined in dielectric structures such as optical waveguides or whispering-gallery-mode microresonators can have a strong longitudinal polarization component. Here, using single 85 Rb atoms strongly coupled to a whispering-gallerymode microresonator, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that the presence of this longitudinal polarization fundamentally alters the interaction between light and matter.PACS numbers: 42.50. Pq,42.50.Ct,42.60.Da,42.25.Ja The interaction between light and matter underlies basically every optical process and application. For essentially plane waves in isotropic media, it has been quantitatively investigated in a number of groundbreaking experiments at the level of single atoms and single photons in high-finesse cavities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In order to further enhance the light-matter coupling strength, an increasing number of recent experiments rely on waveguide structures [9][10][11], or high NA objectives [12][13][14]. However, in these situations, the physics changes drastically from the plane wave case because the polarization of the light fields is in general no longer transversal but exhibits a longitudinal component in the direction of propagation. This tags the propagation direction of the light by its polarization state and fundamentally renders full destructive interference of two counter-propagating waves impossible. One would thus expect this effect to have striking consequences for the physics of light-matter interaction.Here, we quantitatively investigate this phenomenon in a model system consisting of single atoms that strongly interact with a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator [15]. These resonators confine light by continuous total internal reflection and offer the advantage of very long photon lifetimes in conjunction with nearlossless in-and out-coupling of light via tapered fibre couplers [16]. As recently demonstrated in a series of pioneering experiments with toroidal WGM microresonators [17][18][19][20][21][22], single atoms as well as solid state quantum emitters can be strongly coupled to WGMs. Beyond their importance in strong light-matter coupling, WGM microresonators are highly versatile photonic devices which have found applications in a large variety of disciplines. They have enabled, e.g., on-chip detection of single nanoparticels [23] and single viruses [24], the generation of optical frequency combs [25] as well as squeezed and correlated twin-beams and single and pair photons [26,27]. Moreover, WGM microresonators provide a successful experimental platform in the thriving field of cavity optomechanics [28,29].However, thus far, the non-transversal polarization of WGMs has not been taken into account in the description of the quantum mechanical interaction of light and mat-FIG. 1. a) Schematic view of our bottle microresonator interfaced with a tapered fibre cou...

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“…TE modes are almost exclusively transversally polarized, i.e., their electric field vector is, to a good approximation, perpendicular to their wave vector at any position of the mode. In qualitative contrast, the TM modes are non-transversally polarized [42,43], meaning that the electric field vector of the evanescent field has a non-vanishing component along the wave vector, see Fig. 2a.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong coupling between single atoms and non-transversal photons

Volz

¹

,

Junge

²

,

O’Shea

³

et al. 2013

2013 Conference on Lasers &Amp; Electro-Optics Europe &Amp; International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC

0

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Light is often described as a fully transverse-polarized wave, i.e., with an electric field vector that is orthogonal to the direction of propagation. However, light confined in dielectric structures such as optical waveguides or whispering-gallery-mode microresonators can have a strong longitudinal polarization component. Here, using single 85 Rb atoms strongly coupled to a whispering-gallerymode microresonator, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that the presence of this longitudinal polarization fundamentally alters the interaction between light and matter.PACS numbers: 42.50. Pq,42.50.Ct,42.60.Da,42.25.Ja The interaction between light and matter underlies basically every optical process and application. For essentially plane waves in isotropic media, it has been quantitatively investigated in a number of groundbreaking experiments at the level of single atoms and single photons in high-finesse cavities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In order to further enhance the light-matter coupling strength, an increasing number of recent experiments rely on waveguide structures [9][10][11], or high NA objectives [12][13][14]. However, in these situations, the physics changes drastically from the plane wave case because the polarization of the light fields is in general no longer transversal but exhibits a longitudinal component in the direction of propagation. This tags the propagation direction of the light by its polarization state and fundamentally renders full destructive interference of two counter-propagating waves impossible. One would thus expect this effect to have striking consequences for the physics of light-matter interaction.Here, we quantitatively investigate this phenomenon in a model system consisting of single atoms that strongly interact with a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator [15]. These resonators confine light by continuous total internal reflection and offer the advantage of very long photon lifetimes in conjunction with nearlossless in-and out-coupling of light via tapered fibre couplers [16]. As recently demonstrated in a series of pioneering experiments with toroidal WGM microresonators [17][18][19][20][21][22], single atoms as well as solid state quantum emitters can be strongly coupled to WGMs. Beyond their importance in strong light-matter coupling, WGM microresonators are highly versatile photonic devices which have found applications in a large variety of disciplines. They have enabled, e.g., on-chip detection of single nanoparticels [23] and single viruses [24], the generation of optical frequency combs [25] as well as squeezed and correlated twin-beams and single and pair photons [26,27]. Moreover, WGM microresonators provide a successful experimental platform in the thriving field of cavity optomechanics [28,29].However, thus far, the non-transversal polarization of WGMs has not been taken into account in the description of the quantum mechanical interaction of light and mat-FIG. 1. a) Schematic view of our bottle microresonator interfaced with a tapered fibre cou...

show abstract

Spectroscopic measurements of the evanescent wave polarization state

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Nanostructured grating patterns over a large area fabricated by optically directed assembly

Nanostructured grating patterns over a large area fabricated by optically directed assembly

Strong Coupling between Single Atoms and Nontransversal Photons

Strong coupling between single atoms and non-transversal photons

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