Spectroscopic manifestations of flavomononucleotide dimers in polyvinyl alcohol films

Resonance energy transfer between FMN molecules in the presence of dimers: A review

“…Recently Staudt et al [34] showed that riboflavin forms antiparallel stacked dimers in archeal dodecin in which the distance between the two isoalloxazine moieties is 3.5 Å. Exactly the same distance between the monomer units in flavin dimers was obtained by Grajek et al in solutions (3.5 ± 0.3 Å in water [35] and 3.2 ± 0.3 Å in PVA [36,37]). The x-ray structures of bacterial dodecin from Thermus thermophilus revealed the binding of FMN staking dimers in a novel si-si-orientation [38].…”

“…In water, the solubility of FMN reaches 8 × 10 −2 M, but in investigations of FMN in water the following range of concentrations was used: from C = 1 × 10 −5 M to 1.8 × 10 −2 M (in publications [62,64,35,68]). However, the solubility of FMN in the glycerol-water (GW) solution and in PVA is higher, so C max = [ [50][51][52] 9 × 10 −2 M was used for GW solution [64,69,70] and C max = 1 M for PVA [61,36].…”

“…The FMN dimer structure [35][36][37] has been established on the basis of spectroscopic studies and Kasha's exciton theory [72]. A dipoledipole interaction of monomer unit chromophores in the dimer lowers the excited energy states of the monomer in the dimer and split them into two E H (H) and E J (J) states.…”

“…However, in rigid solutions, the FMN dimers become fluorescent and may take part in energy transfer [36,74,73,37].…”

“…The resonance energy transfer and energy migration between FMN molecules were widely examined in water [68], viscous [69,70] and rigid solutions [36,37,82,83].…”