Spectroscopic Investigation of Carotenoids Involved in Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching

Polı́vka, Tomáš; Frank, Harry A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…A large body of mechanistic work ranging from carotenoids dissolved in various solvents to isolated pigment-binding complexes, isolated organelles, and mutants/transgenic organisms with altered carotenoid composition, has revealed multiple potential functions for carotenoids. A given carotenoid can apparently have different multiple functions depending on its specific microenvironment because "energetics and dynamics of carotenoid excited states" are controlled not only by factors such as conjugated-chain length and functional groups but also by, "perhaps most importantly, carotenoid interaction with the local environment" [19]. Furthermore, how much carotenoid is accumulated, and its location, is affected by an organism's genetic makeup as well as its acclimation to the external environment in which it developed.…”

Section: Carotenoids In a Nutshellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Function-Environment Relationship of the Isomers Zeaxanthin and Lutein

2022

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A synthesis is provided of the roles of the carotenoids zeaxanthin and/or lutein in opposing (i) photodamage in plants, (ii) photodamage to the human eye as well as cognitive dysfunction and a host of human diseases and disorders, and (iii) damage to extremophile microorganisms in the most inhospitable environments on earth. Selected examples are used to examine microenvironments and basic biological structures with which these xanthophylls associate as well as the effect of the organisms’ external environment. An overview is presented of the multiple principal mechanisms through which these xanthophylls can directly or indirectly impact organisms’ internal redox (oxidant/antioxidant) balance that provides input into the orchestration of growth, development, and defense in prokaryotic microorganisms, plants, and humans. Gaps in the research are identified, specifically with respect to the need for further in vivo assessment of the mechanisms.

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Section: Carotenoids In a Nutshellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Function-Environment Relationship of the Isomers Zeaxanthin and Lutein

2022

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“…The photophysical mechanism of how excitation energy is removed from excited chlorophyll was under debate for decades (see edited volume by Demmig-Adams et al [ 52 ]) after the initial proposal of a link between zeaxanthin and the dissipation of excitation energy as heat [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Polivka and Frank [ 60 ] elaborated on the difficulties of studying these mechanisms due to the impact of the microenvironment on the photophysical properties of photosynthetic pigments. Since then, Graham Fleming’s group conducted fluorescence lifetime studies in vivo in an intact photosynthetic organism and concluded that zeaxanthin was involved in both of the two different photophysical mechanisms (energy transfer and charge transfer) capable of de-exciting chlorophyll thermally [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Xanthophyll Cycle Conversion State and Dissipation Of Unumentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeaxanthin, a Molecule for Photoprotection in Many Different Environments

et al. 2020

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Conversion of sunlight into photochemistry depends on photoprotective processes that allow safe use of sunlight over a broad range of environmental conditions. This review focuses on the ubiquity of photoprotection associated with a group of interconvertible leaf carotenoids, the xanthophyll cycle. We survey the striking plasticity of this process observed in nature with respect to (1) xanthophyll cycle pool size, (2) degree and speed of interconversion of its components, and (3) flexibility in the association between xanthophyll cycle conversion state and photoprotective dissipation of excess excitation energy. It is concluded that the components of this system can be independently tuned with a high degree of flexibility to produce a fit for different environments with various combinations of light, temperature, and other factors. In addition, the role of genetic variation is apparent from variation in the response of different species growing side-by-side in the same environment. These findings illustrate how field studies can generate insight into the adjustable levers that allow xanthophyll cycle-associated photoprotection to support plant photosynthetic productivity and survival in environments with unique combinations of environmental factors.

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“…twisting) and the local environment (e.g. polarity of the medium) (Polívka and Sundström 2004; Polívka and Frank 2016). The S0–S2 transition of the different carotenoids is strongly allowed and visible as the three-peak absorption in the 400–500 nm range in solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S0–S2 transition of the different carotenoids is strongly allowed and visible as the three-peak absorption in the 400–500 nm range in solution. In vivo, protein-bound carotenoids show a red-shift in the absorption spectrum due to the dispersion interactions of the carotenoid with the protein (Polívka and Frank 2016). Due to this absorbance shift, the chemical conversion of the VAZ carotenoids in vivo is observed as an absorbance change in the 500–570 nm region with maximum around 531 nm (Gamon et al 1990; Peñuelas et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo photoprotection mechanisms observed from leaf spectral absorbance changes showing VIS–NIR slow-induced conformational pigment bed changes

et al. 2019

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Regulated heat dissipation under excessive light comprises a complexity of mechanisms, whereby the supramolecular light-harvesting pigment–protein complex (LHC) shifts state from light harvesting towards heat dissipation, quenching the excess of photo-induced excitation energy in a non-photochemical way. Based on whole-leaf spectroscopy measuring upward and downward spectral radiance fluxes, we studied spectrally contiguous (hyperspectral) transient time series of absorbance A(λ,t) and passively induced chlorophyll fluorescence F(λ,t) dynamics of intact leaves in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths (VIS–NIR, 400–800 nm) after sudden strong natural-like illumination exposure. Besides light avoidance mechanism, we observed on absorbance signatures, calculated from simultaneous reflectance R(λ,t) and transmittance T(λ,t) measurements as A(λ,t) = 1 − R(λ,t) − T(λ,t), major dynamic events with specific onsets and kinetical behaviour. A consistent well-known fast carotenoid absorbance feature (500–570 nm) appears within the first seconds to minutes, seen from both the reflected (backscattered) and transmitted (forward scattered) radiance differences. Simultaneous fast Chl features are observed, either as an increased or decreased scattering behaviour during quick light adjustment consistent with re-organizations of the membrane. The carotenoid absorbance feature shows up simultaneously with a major F decrease and corresponds to the xanthophyll conversion, as quick response to the proton gradient build-up. After xanthophyll conversion (t = 3 min), a kinetically slower but major and smooth absorbance increase was occasionally observed from the transmitted radiance measurements as wide peaks in the green (~ 550 nm) and the near-infrared (~ 750 nm) wavelengths, involving no further F quenching. Surprisingly, in relation to the response to high light, this broad and consistent VIS–NIR feature indicates a slowly induced absorbance increase with a sigmoid kinetical behaviour. In analogy to sub-leaf-level observations, we suggest that this mechanism can be explained by a structure-induced low-energy-shifted energy redistribution involving both Car and Chl. These findings might pave the way towards a further non-invasive spectral investigation of antenna conformations and their relations with energy quenching at the intact leaf level, which is, in combination with F measurements, of a high importance for assessing plant photosynthesis in vivo and in addition from remote observations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11120-019-00664-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Spectroscopic Investigation of Carotenoids Involved in Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching

Cited by 6 publications

References 78 publications

Structure-Function-Environment Relationship of the Isomers Zeaxanthin and Lutein

Structure-Function-Environment Relationship of the Isomers Zeaxanthin and Lutein

Zeaxanthin, a Molecule for Photoprotection in Many Different Environments

In vivo photoprotection mechanisms observed from leaf spectral absorbance changes showing VIS–NIR slow-induced conformational pigment bed changes

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