Spectroscopic identification of protective and non-protective corrosion coatings on steel structures in marine environments

Cook, Dianne

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2004.10.018

Cited by 125 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Few scientific studies have specifically addressed this singular type of rust, which is referred to in the literature under different names: sheet-type rust (Raman, 1988), stratified rust (Raman, 1988), exfoliated rust (Cook, 2005), multilayered rust (Hara, 2008), etc. Figure 7 presents cross-section optical micrograph obtained on the exfoliated layer produced on a mild steel specimen exposed for one year at the highest chloride deposition rate atmosphere of Cabo Vilano.…”

Section: Rust Exfoliation On Carbon Steel Exposed To Chloride-rich Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem is how to define the environmental conditions of an atmosphere of moderate aggressivity, which is ultimately what determines the applicability of an unpainted WS. From a practical point of view, the criterion followed has been to limit the steady-state corrosion rate of WS in the atmosphere to an acceptable value for material safety, where maintenance operations are not required (Kihira and Kimura, 2011).The fairly widespread criterion of ≤5-6 μm/year for long-term atmospheric corrosion suggests only a marginal benefit of using conventional WS in preference to CS in aggressive atmospheres, especially in marine atmospheres (Cook, 2005). Thus, Morcillo et al (2013) suggest that unpainted conventional WS should not be used in atmospheres of ISO corrosivity category ≥C3 (EN ISO 9223, 2012) marine or otherwise.…”

Section: Behaviour Of Weathering Steels In Marine Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels

Morcillo¹,

Alcántara²,

Díaz³

et al. 2015

REVMETAL

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Basic research on marine atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels is a relatively young scientific field and there continue to be great gaps in this area of knowledge. The presence of akaganeite in the corrosion products that form on steel when it is exposed to marine atmospheres leads to a notable increase in the corrosion rate. This work addresses the following issues: (a) environmental conditions necessary for akaganeite formation; (b) characterisation of akaganeite in the corrosion products formed; (c) corrosion mechanisms of carbon steel in marine atmospheres; (d) exfoliation of rust layers formed in highly aggressive marine atmospheres; (e) long-term corrosion rate prediction; and (f) behaviour of weathering steels. Field research has been carried out at Cabo Vilano wind farm (Camariñas, Galicia) in a wide range of atmospheric salinities and laboratory work involving the use of conventional atmospheric corrosion techniques and near-surface and bulk sensitive analytical techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy and SEM/μRaman spectroscopy. RESUMEN:Corrosión atmosférica marina de aceros al carbono. La investigación fundamental en corrosión atmosférica marina de aceros al carbono es un campo científico relativamente joven que presenta grandes lagunas de conocimiento. La formación de akaganeíta en los productos de corrosión que se forman sobre el acero cuando se expone a atmósferas marinas conduce a un incremento notable de la velocidad de corrosión. En el trabajo se abordan las siguientes cuestiones: (a) condiciones ambientales necesarias para la formación de akaganeíta, (b) caracterización de la akaganeíta en los productos de corrosión formados, (c) mecanismos de corrosión del acero al carbono en atmósferas marinas, (d) exfoliación de las capas de herrumbre formadas en atmósferas marinas muy agresivas, (e) predicción de la velocidad de corrosión a largo plazo, y (f) comportamiento de aceros patinables. La investigación se ha llevado a cabo en campo, en el Parque Eólico de Cabo Vilano (Camariñas, Galicia) en un amplio rango de salinidades atmosféricas, y a nivel de laboratorio acudiendo a técnicas convencionales de corrosión atmosférica y diversas técnicas analíticas de caracterización de superficies: microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB)/ espectrometría de dispersión de energía (EDE), difracción de rayos-X (DRX), espectroscopía Mössbauer y MEB/espectroscopía μRaman.

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Section: Rust Exfoliation On Carbon Steel Exposed To Chloride-rich Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behaviour Of Weathering Steels In Marine Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels

Morcillo¹,

Alcántara²,

Díaz³

et al. 2015

REVMETAL

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“…Oh and Cook [83] analysed rust on mild steel exposed for 16 years in an industrial atmosphere using XRD, Raman spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. XRD identified the crystalline phases as α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of both and identified γ-Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 , while Mössbauer allowed a finer characterisation detecting α-FeOOH (magnetic and superparamagnetic with different phase sizes), γ-FeOOH and γ-Fe 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Nature Of Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oh et al [83] analysed rusts formed on mild steel exposed for 16 years to a moderate marine atmosphere. Using XRD they found goethite, lepidocrocite, maghemite or magnetite, and akaganeite (possible).…”

Section: Nature Of Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric corrosion of mild steel

Morcillo¹,

Fuente²,

Díaz³

et al. 2011

REVMETAL

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The atmospheric corrosion of mild steel is an extensive topic that has been studied by many authors in different regions throughout the world. This compilation paper incorporates relevant publications on the subject, in particular about the nature of atmospheric corrosion products, mechanisms of atmospheric corrosion and kinetics of the atmospheric corrosion process, paying special attention to two matters upon which relatively less information has been published: a) the morphology of steel corrosion products and corrosion product layers; and b) long-term atmospheric corrosion (>10 years). KeywordsAtmospheric corrosion; Mild steel; Long-term; Morphology; Review. corrosión atmosférica del acero suave resumenLa corrosión atmosférica del acero suave es un tema de gran amplitud que ha sido tratado por muchos autores en numerosas regiones del mundo. Este artículo de compilación incorpora publicaciones relevantes sobre esta temática, en particular sobre la naturaleza de los productos de corrosión atmosférica, mecanismos y cinética de los procesos de corrosión atmosférica, prestando una atención especial a dos aspectos sobre los que la información publicada ha sido menos abundante: a) morfología de los productos de corrosión del acero y capas de productos de corrosión, y b) corrosión atmosférica a larga duración (> 10 años).

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“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy are two very powerful methods that are used for this purpose [7,8]. Reflective Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Mossbauer spectroscopy have also been used for the same purpose [9,10]. Valuable information on the formation of the rust layer can also be given through techniques meant for analyzing surface topography such as the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating atmospheric corrosion behavior of carbon steel in coastal regions of Mauritius using Raman Spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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Low carbon steel was exposed at two sites in Mauritius, namely Port Louis and Belle Mare. The site at Port Louis is basically an industrial marine one whereas the one at Belle Mare is a purely marine site. Though the corrosion loss trend at both sites follow the power law, the corrosion loss at Port Louis was found to be higher than that at Belle Mare. This study has been performed to investigate the surface characteristics of the rust layers of the samples exposed at the two sites, through Raman spectroscopy and SEM, so as to get a better insight into the mechanism of the atmospheric corrosion process. For Port Louis, it was observed that there was not much change in the corrosion products in the rust layer over the 3 years period. The structure was less compact than that at Belle Mare with the presence of lepidocrocite and akaganeite as commonly observed corrosion products. The corrosion rate at Port Louis is, therefore, expected to follow the same trend over the long term. For Belle Mare, the corrosion products changed significantly after 3 years of exposure. Though lepidocrocite and akaganeite were observed on the surface after 0.2 years of exposure, magnetite was the most probable corrosion product in the more compact rust layer after 3 years of exposure. This compactness of the rust layer is expected to have reduced the corrosion rate as compared to that of Port Louis. Significant changes in the corrosion rate at Belle Mare are, therefore, expected over the medium and the long term.

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Spectroscopic identification of protective and non-protective corrosion coatings on steel structures in marine environments

Cited by 125 publications

References 12 publications

Marine atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels

Marine atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels

Atmospheric corrosion of mild steel

Investigating atmospheric corrosion behavior of carbon steel in coastal regions of Mauritius using Raman Spectroscopy

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