Spectroscopic Assessment of Normal Cortical Bone: Differences in Relation to Bone Site and Sex

Kourkoumelis, Nikolaos; Tzaphlidou, Margaret

doi:10.1100/tsw.2010.43

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3, 4, 5. Results concerning normal bone reveal no significant differences (0.3 < p < 0.9) for Ca/P ratio between sex groups for the same bone site, confirming previous studies [35,61,65]. Trabecular bone apatite features lower Ca/P ratio in a statistically significant manner (0.01 < p < 0.03).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In vitro bone elemental analysis has been performed using synchrotron radiation micro-CT [20,21], neutron activation [22,23], X-ray diffraction [24], small-angle X-ray scattering [25,26], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) combined with direct current argon arc plasma optical emission spectrometry (DCA ARC) [27], and chemical analysis [28]. Specifically related studies relying solely on spectroscopic methodologies include solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [29][30][31], X-ray fluorescence [32], TEM-EDX [33,34], SEM-EDX [35], and relevant surface analysis techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [36,37] and AES [38].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ca/P concentration ratio at different sites of normal and osteoporotic rabbit bones evaluated by Auger and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

2011

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Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder associated with reduced bone mineral density and the consequent high risk of bone fractures. Current practice relates osteoporosis largely with absolute mass loss. The assessment of variations in chemical composition in terms of the main elements comprising the bone mineral and its effect on the bone's quality is usually neglected. In this study, we evaluate the ratio of the main elements of bone mineral, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), as a suitable in vitro biomarker for induced osteoporosis. The Ca/P concentration ratio was measured at different sites of normal and osteoporotic rabbit bones using two spectroscopic techniques: Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results showed that there is no significant difference between samples from different genders or among cortical bone sites. On the contrary, we found that the Ca/P ratio of trabecular bone sections is comparable to cortical sections with induced osteoporosis. Ca/P ratio values are positively related to induced bone loss; furthermore, a different degree of correlation between Ca and P in cortical and trabecular bone is evident. This study also discusses the applicability of AES and EDX to the semiquantitative measurements of bone mineral's main elements along with the critical experimental parameters.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Ca/P concentration ratio at different sites of normal and osteoporotic rabbit bones evaluated by Auger and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

2011

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“…In general, models of osteoporosis [44] and osteoporotic tissues in humans [45,46] are characterized by a decreased mineral/matrix ratio. No significant disparities ( p > 0.05) were observed between the two sex groups regarding the degree of mineralization, confirming previous studies [47] that are also related to the Ca/P ratio as a critical mineralization biomarker [48,49]. Trabecular bone apatite, represented by rib samples, shows decreased mineral deposited in the bone matrix in a highly significant manner ( p = 0.0002) compared to the compact sections.…”

Section: Band Analysis and Quantificationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Infrared spectroscopic assessment of the inflammation-mediated osteoporosis (IMO) model applied to rabbit bone

2012

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A model of osteoporosis based on induced inflammation (IMO) was applied to rabbit bones. The structural heterogeneity and molecular complexity of bone significantly affect bone mechanical properties. A tool like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, able to analyze both the inorganic and organic phase simultaneously, could provide compositional information regarding cortical and trabecular sections under normal and osteoporotic conditions. In this study, we assessed the mineral/matrix ratio, carbonate and phosphate content and labile (i.e., non-apatitic) species contribution to bone mineral and collagen cross-linking patterns. Clear differences were observed between cortical and trabecular bone regarding mineral and carbonate content. Induced inflammation lowers the mineral/matrix ratio and increases the overall carbonate accumulation. Elevated concentrations of labile species were detected in osteoporotic samples, especially in the trabecular sections. Collagen cross-linking patterns were indirectly observed through the 1660/1690 cm −1 ratio in the amide I band and a positive correlation was found with the mineralization index. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to female samples successfully clustered trabecular and osteoporotic cases. The important role played by the phosphate ions was confirmed by corresponding loadings plots. The results suggest that the application of the IMO model to rabbit bones effectively alters bone remodeling and forms an osteoporotic bone matrix with a dissimilar composition compared to the normal one.

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“…More recently, these models, which are based on well-crystallized apatites, were re-examined due to the discovery, using mostly spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies), of the existence of specific spectral lines in the spectra of biological nanocrystalline apatites which do not appear for well-crystallized apatites and which have been designated as "non-apatitic environments" of the mineral ions [22,23,27,28]. These "non-apatitic" phosphate and carbonate environments have been shown to appear more clearly in the ν 4 PO 4 and ν 2 CO 3 domains of FTIR spectra.…”

Section: Non-apatitic Environments and The Hydrated Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Apatite Biominerals

2016

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Calcium phosphate apatites offer outstanding biological adaptability that can be attributed to their specific physico-chemical and structural properties. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the specific characteristics of calcium phosphate apatite biominerals in vertebrate hard tissues (bone, dentine and enamel). Firstly, the structural, elemental and chemical compositions of apatite biominerals will be summarized, followed by the presentation of the actual conception of the fine structure of synthetic and biological apatites, which is essentially based on the existence of a hydrated layer at the surface of the nanocrystals. The conditions of the formation of these biominerals and the hypothesis of the existence of apatite precursors will be discussed. Then, we will examine the evolution of apatite biominerals, especially during bone and enamel aging and also focus on the adaptability of apatite biominerals to the biological function of their related hard tissues. Finally, the diagenetic evolution of apatite fossils will be analyzed.

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Spectroscopic Assessment of Normal Cortical Bone: Differences in Relation to Bone Site and Sex

Cited by 54 publications

References 39 publications

Ca/P concentration ratio at different sites of normal and osteoporotic rabbit bones evaluated by Auger and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Ca/P concentration ratio at different sites of normal and osteoporotic rabbit bones evaluated by Auger and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopic assessment of the inflammation-mediated osteoporosis (IMO) model applied to rabbit bone

Apatite Biominerals

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