Spectroscopic analysis of N-intrashell transitions in Rb-like to Ni-like Yb ions

Abstract

Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly-charged ytterbium ions produced in an electron beam ion trap at the National Institute of Standards and Technology were observed with a flat-field grazing incidence spectrometer in the wavelength region of about 4 nm–20 nm. The measured spectra were interpreted through detailed analysis by collisional-radiative modeling of the non-Maxwellian EBIT plasma. Seventy-nine new spectral lines due to intrashell (Δn = 0, n = 4) electric–dipole, magnetic–dipole, and electric–quadrupole transitions were identified in Rb-like Yb33+ through Ni-like Yb42+ ions. The effects of strong configuration interaction within the n = 4 complex on the measured spectra are discussed for a number of ionization stages.

Observations and identifications of extreme ultraviolet spectra of Ca-like to Na-like neodymium ions using an electron beam ion trap

“…These elements are valuable in a variety of technologies due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. They are used in a wide range of applications, including in optical lattice clocks [1,2], scintillators [3], and solid-state lasers [4], which has led to extensive research on their atomic and spectroscopic properties in neutral and lowcharged states. This research aims to better understand these properties and develop new technologies that can benefit from them, particularly in the area of precision measurement.…”

“…Some lanthanides (Gd, Dy, Yb, Sm, Er) have also been the subject of spectroscopic investigations on several EBIT facilities (see, e.g. [1,[21][22][23][24]).…”

Energy levels and transition data of 3p63d8 and 3p53d9 configurations in Fe-like ions (Z = 57,60,62,64,65)

“…Considerable attempts, including laser-produced plasmas, grazing-incidence spectrographs, electron-beam ion trap (EBIT), tokamak plasmas, etc., have been devoted to excavating these atomic data and won considerable achievements. [6][7][8][9][10][11] However, the current atomic data are still insufficient in explanation of the existing results.…”

“…With the aid of these experimental data, theoretical calculations not only enrich the family of HCIs, but also provide key insights into the identification of measured lines and explanation of the existing results. Guo et al [5] predicted the energy levels, transition probabilities, and wavelengths of 3d 8 ground configurations in Fe-like Hf, Ta, W, and Au ions using the second-order relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT) and the parallel RCI methods. Taking advantage of the reliable Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) and MCDHF as well as multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) methods, the theoretical group has filled a gap in excitation energies, oscillator strengths, wavelengths, line strengths, radiative lifetimes, transition rates of electric quadrupole (E2), and M1 transitions of the 3s 2 3p 6 3d 8 ground configurations for Fe-like ions (Z = 72-83).…”