Spectroscopic analysis of Er3+ transitions in lithium niobate

Amin, J.; Dussardier, Bernard; Schweizer, T.; Hempstead, M.

doi:10.1016/0022-2313(96)00063-4

Cited by 152 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, some research has focused attention on crystals with relevant cubic nonlinearity χ (3) because with these materials it is possible to obtain unconventional lasers, such as lasers with stimulated-Raman-scattering (SRS) frequency self-conversion. The KGW:Nd possesses an effective cubic nonlinearity of about 10 −13 esu and presents a good efficiency in the process of SRS self-conversion [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

et al. 1999

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Abstract. KGd(WO 4 ) 2 single crystals doped with Er 3+ have been grown by the flux top-seeded-solution growth method. The crystallographic structure of the lattice has been refined, being the lattice constants a = 10.652(4), b = 10.374(6), c = 7.582(2) Å, β = 130.80(2)• . The refractive index dispersion of the host has been measured in the 350-1500 nm range. The optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of Er The technological interest in the development of solidstate lasers for application in long-distance optical communications has promoted the study of laser ions with an emission close to the minimum of the optical losses in silica fibers, namely 1.5 µm. The present development of a new laser generation requires us to find crystals with low excitation threshold and suited to be excited by the emission of diode lasers. Er 3+ only has weak absorption bands in the 600-1000 nm region, but its photoluminescence can be sensitised by energy transfer from Yb 3+ , which shows a strong optical absorption in the 900-1000 nm range. This region overlaps the emission of InGaAs diode lasers. As a matter of fact, InGaAs diodepumped room-temperature laser operation has been recently demonstrated in KGd(WO 4 ) 2 :Yb:Er crystals [7] (hereafter KGd(WO 4 ) 2 is abbreviated as KGW), however the efficiency of the process was weak and the physical processes involved were poorly understood. Moreover, Er has been used to sensitise the Tm 3+ emission in KGW crystals at liquid nitrogen temperature [8].Despite the relevance of the optical properties of Er 3+ in KGW crystals, its spectroscopic properties have been reported at 77 K only for the 4 S 3/2 or lower energy levels [9,10]. The present work reports a spectroscopic study of the Er 3+ ions incorporated in KGW crystals grown by the flux top-seeded-solution growth (TSSG) technique.KGW crystals have been also used as a laser host for Nd 3+ ions because of the high efficiency of the 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 11/2 transition [11,12] as well as a host for other rare-earth laser ions [8]. Recently, some research has focused attention on crystals with relevant cubic nonlinearity χ (3) because with these materials it is possible to obtain unconventional lasers, such as lasers with stimulated-Raman-scattering (SRS) frequency self-conversion. The KGW:Nd possesses an effective cubic nonlinearity of about 10 −13 esu and presents a good efficiency in the process of SRS self-conversion [13].In view of the relevance of the KGW lattice host, we have also performed a refinement of the crystal structure, in order to improve the currently known lattice constants and to help in the discussion of the local lattice site symmetry when required. Further, we discuss the orientation of the indicatrix of the crystal with regards to the crystallographic axes and we have obtained the value of the refractive indices in a wide spectral region.

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“…In this respect, an extensive study of the Er 3+ spectroscopic properties in glasses [1] and crystals, YVO 4 [2], LiNbO 3 [3,4] and other lattices [5] has been undertaken, since the 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 erbium emission lies in this spectral region. Further interest in erbium lasers * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

et al. 1999

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“…The real Er content incorporated in the lattice has been determined by two independent methods: (i) the transition strength for the 4 I 15/2 -4 I 13/2 transition at 6529 cm −1 taken from Ref. [18] has been used to calculate the Er concentration from the absorption spectrum measured at 300 K, and (ii) a high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometer (HR-CS-FAAS, ContrAA-700, Analytik Jena AG, Jena, Germany) has been applied using pneumatic nebulization of the solutions obtained by the digestion of the crystal samples, as described in detail in Ref. [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Lattice Site of Rare-Earth Ions in Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Probed by OH− Vibrational Spectroscopy

et al. 2017

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Rare-earth (RE = Er 3+ , Nd 3+ , or Yb 3+ ) ion-doped stoichiometric LiNbO 3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski and the high-temperature top-seeded solution growth methods. For the 0.22-0.87 mol% concentration range of the RE oxides in the melt/solution, in addition to the well-known hydroxyl (OH − ) vibrational band in undoped stoichiometric LiNbO 3 , a new infrared absorption band was observed at about 3500 cm −1 , similar to the case of the trivalent optical damage resistant (ODR) dopants In 3+ and Sc 3+ . By comparing the frequencies and polarization dependences of the bands to those detected for ODR ion containing crystals, they are attributed to the stretching vibration of OH − ions in RE 3+ Nb -OH − complexes. Consequently, above a given concentration threshold, some of the rare-earth ions are assumed to occupy niobium sites in the LiNbO 3 lattice. The same model is also suggested for RE-doped congruent LiNbO 3 crystals containing over-threshold (>5 mol %) amounts of the Mg-co-dopant.

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“…The values of τ rad of the 4 I 13/2 state are found to be 11.03 ms and 10.39 ms for the MBBA and BBBM system, respectively. They are within the range of other laser host glasses doped with Er 3+ which have literature values in the 2.3-11 ms range [31,32]. The luminescence branching ratios are a very important parameter for verifying the applicability of a material for laser operation.…”

Section: Spontaneous Emission Probabilities Branching Ratios and Radimentioning

confidence: 97%

Novel alkaline-free Er3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses for broadband optical fiber lasers and amplifiers

Choi¹,

Shi²,

Margaryan³

et al. 2008

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Spectroscopic analysis of Er3+ transitions in lithium niobate

Cited by 152 publications

References 22 publications

Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

Lattice Site of Rare-Earth Ions in Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Probed by OH− Vibrational Spectroscopy

Novel alkaline-free Er3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses for broadband optical fiber lasers and amplifiers

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