Spectroscopic Analysis of Cotton Treated with Neutralized Maleinized Soybean Oil

Abstract

Water-soluble vegetable oil derivatives were synthesized and investigated as biobased reagents for cellulosic textiles. Maleinized soybean oil (MSO), having an acid value of 156 mg KOH/g, was neutralized with ammonium hydroxide to render it water soluble. Infrared spectroscopy indicated the formation of ester linkages during the cure of MSO treated textiles. Therefore, the formation of anhydride and amide intermediates upon heating ammonia neutralized MSO were investigated. Construction of the cyclic anhydride was observed as a pathway to esterification; however, amidation was not observed among this ammonia neutralized MSO. Neutralization of MSO with ethanolamine and triethylamine yielded secondary and tertiary amides but not esters at 160°C.

PEG-functionalized ionic liquids for cellulose dissolution and saccharification

“…The untreated Avicel shows a typical structure for cellulose I (a primary 002 lattice plane peak and a secondary overlapped 101 and 101 ˉpeak), while Avicel regenerated from 12 exhibits a form resembling the cellulose II structure (a primary 101 ˉpeak overlapping with a reduced 002 peak, and a separation between 101 and 101 ˉpeaks). [72][73][74] This is consistent with earlier studies indicating that Avicel cellulose recrystallized to cellulose II after precipitation from [EMIM][OAc] or [AMIM]Cl using water as an anti-solvent. 73,75,76 These structural changes are vital for the effectiveness of the subsequent processing of cellulose.…”

Compatibilization of highly sustainable polylactide/almond shell flour composites by reactive extrusion with maleinized linseed oil

“…This unsaturated fatty acid content results in one of the highest unsaturation levels amongst common vegetable oils, comparable only to tung oil, thus leading to a highly versatile additive, ripe for chemical functionalization. In particular, the maleinization process provides multiple anhydride functionalities to the MLO structure, which could easily react thereafter with hydroxyl groups (Ford et al, 2011;Ford et al, 2012). Moreover, MLO offers an important advantage in comprison to other maleinized oils since it is commercially available at a competitive price due to its alternative uses as biolubricant.…”

Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of Polylactide/Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Walnut Shell Flour Composites by Reactive Extrusion with Maleinized Linseed Oil

“…MLO shows one of the highest unsaturation levels amongst common vegetable oils, comparable only to tung oil, thus leading to a highly versatile additive, ripe for chemical functionalization [42]. Therefore, the maleinization process provides multiple maleic anhydride (MAH) functionalities to the MLO structure, which could easily react thereafter with molecules containing hydroxyl (–OH) groups [43,44]. Additionally, small amounts of MLO can also act as a sustainable plasticizer for PLA-based materials, allowing chain motion and improving processing conditions, thermal stability, and ductility [45].…”