Spectroscopic Analysis of Chicken Meat Contaminated with E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter

Protoporphyrin IX: An Endogenous Theranostic Compound

“…Salmonella liberates coproporphyrin III instead of PpIX. PpIX fluorescence extracted from meat contaminated with Campylobacter was comparable to non-contaminated meat [24].…”

“…Figure 10 shows PpIX fluorescence spectra obtained from chicken meat contaminated with E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in comparison to signal obtained from uncontaminated meat [24]. DyP peroxidases, identified in E. coli, facilitate the release of iron from heme, preserving the tetrapyrrole ring, generating a free iron cation and PpIX.…”

The synergistic effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid silver nanoparticles and light in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

“…There are two known alternative routes by which ALA is generated in nature [17]. The C4 pathway (Shemin pathway), found in mammals, fungi, and purple nonsulfur bacteria, utilizes ALA synthase (ALAS) to condense succinyl-CoA and glycine into ALA [10]. The C5 pathway, active most bacteria, all archaea, and plants, utilizes three enzymatic reactions to convert glutamate to ALA [18].…”

“…Notably, ALA possesses significant photodynamic activity [9]. This molecule can be converted to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a potent photosensitizer that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light exposure, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death [10].…”